Confederate Veteran

Page 6

April 1911

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JOHN BROWN A MURDERER.

BY ST. GEORGE TUCKER BROOKE, CHARLESTOWN, W. VA.

I send the VETERAN a copy of a letter from Mahala Doyle. Recently you added proof to the fact that Osawatomie Brown was a murderer in Kansas. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography began in its April (1902) issue "The Brown Letters. Found in the Virginia State Library in 1901." The following letter is taken from the July (1902) number:

MAHALA DOYLE TO JOHN BROWN. 



CHATTANOOGA, TENN., Nov. 20, 1859. "John Brown Sir: Although vengeance is not mine, I confess that I am gratified to hear that you were stopped in your fiendish career at Harper's Ferry, with the loss of your two sons. You can now appreciate my distress in Kansas, when you entered my house at midnight and arrested my husband and two boys, took them out of the yard and in cold blood shot them dead. This was in my hearing. You can't say you did it to free slaves, we had none and never expected to own one. You made me a disconsolate widow with helpless children. While I feel for your folly, I trust you will meet your just reward. 0 how it pained my heart to hear the dying groans of my husband and children.

N. B. My son, John Doyle, whose life I begged of you, is now grown Up and very desirous to be at Charlestown on the day of your execution, that he might adjust the rope around your neck if Governor Wise would permit it. 
M. DOYLE.

My special incitement to write this letter to the VETERAN is a dispatch to a newspaper, a day or two ago, stating that the House of Representatives of Kansas considered a resolution to erect a statue of John Brown.

KANSAS WILL HONOR JOHN BROWN ANYHOW.

A Topeka special to the Kansas City Star March 4, 1911: "J. W. Brown, Representative from Butler County, set the Kansas House by the ears to day by an attack on John Brown when the bill appropriating $2,800 to preserve the John Brown cabin at Osawatomie and keep up the park surrounding it came up for passage.

The bill was passed by the Senate several days ago, and was up for final passage in the House. It passed by a good vote, the Democrats generally voting against it. When Representative Brown, who is a Democrat, was called, he voted 'no' and offered the following explanation of his vote: If John Brown had consummated his insurrection started at Harper's Ferry, I probably would have died in my youth. John Brown was never in a proper sense a resident of Kansas, nor was he 'Osawatomie Brown,' that appellation in early years having been applied to O. C. Brown, who founded the town of Osawatomie and gave it its name. He never engaged in any legitimate business or employment while here, nor did he aid in any way in the improvement or development of the country. With the instincts of an anarchist and the hand of an assassin, his career in Kansas was one of lawlessness and crime the one indelible blot on the otherwise fair, free State record. No Kansan desires to appropriate money to perpetuate the name of a Booth, a Guiteau, or a Czolgosz. Neither will I consent to exalt the name of the first anarchist and rebel this country produced.' 
J. J. Veatch, of Washington County, a Republican, also voted against the bill, and offered the following explanation of his vote: I am a Republican, and I was a soldier for four years in the Union army. I admire a brave man who with sword in hand will lead his men through shot and shell to the cannon's mouth, but I despise a sneak and a bushwhacker. John Brown allowed his men to sharpen their swords and kill five unarmed men by cutting them to pieces in the presence of their wives and children, and therefore he was guilty of murder. I will not by any vote appropriate a single dollar to honor the memory of a man whom I believe a murderer.'

As soon as the roll call was completed Davis, of Kiowa, moved that the attacks be expunged from the record, but the motion failed and the attacks stand.

NEW YORK DAYBOOK IN 1859.

Comrade D. C. Black, of Columbus, Ga., sends a clipping from the New York Daybook of 1859 in regard to a lecture at Cooper Institute upon John Brown's Kansas depredations. Pate had been sent with a United States marshal as his assistant to "put him down." The battle of Black Jack was fought. For some reason Pate sent a flag of truce which was accepted by Brown. They met near where Brown had a posse secreted, who made Pate a prisoner, regardless of honor.

Captain Pate verified the most horrid stories that have ever been told of Brown's method in murdering people in Kansas.

BRECKINRIDGE FLAG TO THE 20TH TENNESSEE. In a personal letter to a friend Comrade James Archer Turpin, of Waterproof, La., writes: "I see in the last issue of the CONFEDERATE VETERAN that a committee of ladies has been appointed to find the flag presented to Col. Thomas B. Smith's regiment, the 20th Tennessee, in January, 1863, at Tullahoma, Tenn., by Gen. John C. Breckinridge. I was present when this flag was presented and heard the presentation speeches of General Breckinridge and his staff officer, Theo O'Hara. General Breckinridge said the flag was made by the hands of his wife, and in it was a portion of her wedding dress. It was a large, beautiful flag, as I recollect. Colonel Smith in receiving the flag presented to General Breckinridge the old flag which had been borne in many a battle and had been riddled with bullets, and he made a beautiful speech also in receiving the flag. I have kept up with General Smith ever since the war. What a s?d fate was his!"

THE OLD BLANDFORD CHURCH AT PETERSBURG.

The Ladies' Memorial Association of Petersburg, Va., was organized in 1866, and the good they have done has made them well known throughout the Southern States. The ladies of this association obtained possession of old Blandford Church when only the walls and roof were intact. They decided to restore the interior and use it for a mortuary chapel and to carry out the idea of a memorial by requesting each Southern State to put in a window in memory of its dead, who lie in sight of the ivy clad walls of this old church.

To the east of Petersburg stands this historic old church, a fitting sentinel over the graves of more than twenty thousand Confederate soldiers. In full view of the great battlefield around Petersburg, it stood in the line of fire during ten long months, close behind the Confederate intrenchment. Grant's. bloody assault in June, 1864, and the fierce repulse of the Federal troops at the explosion of the Crater were near it, and in full view was the brilliant charge of General Gordon's gallant corps upon Fort Stedman, almost the last expiring struggle of the Confederacy,

Virginia and Missouri were the first States to respond to the appeal, and their example was quickly followed by the Washington Artillery of Louisiana.

Mrs. William Hume, Chairman for Tennessee, writes: "Tennessee has a larger number buried there than any other State. She gave 113,000 soldiers out of the 600,000 of the entire army. Is it a wonder, then, that her slain exceed in number those of other States buried around the old church? When this work of placing memorial windows is completed, the chapel will be the most beautiful antique in America. Confederate daughters of the men of that gallant army, can we afford to let other States do more than we? No! I answer for my sister workers. God helping, we will complete this loving duty during this year."
VISITING VIRGINIA BATTLEFIELD. (R. J. Stoddard, in the Laurensville (S. C.) Herald.) Two Confederate veterans and a son of one of them boarded the Seaboard train at Clinton in October to visit some of the battlefields in Virginia. A drive of twelve miles from Fredericksburg brought us to Spottsylvania C. H., near which place McGowan's Brigade, with others, fought for many long, weary hours in the Angle on May 12, 1864. This is where Grant tried in vain to turn General Lee's left wing. The breastworks are still standing, and the traverse points are plainly discernible. Many scars remain of that struggle.

The graves of some of our boys can still be found. One of these has a stone at the head marked "J. P.," and I feel sure that it is the grave of John Pearson, of Company E, 14th South Carolina Volunteers.

THE TENNESSEE WINDOW.

We traced the lines at Fredericksburg where Sumner, Hooker, and Franklin tried to break the lines of Longstreet and Jackson. The Marye house and surroundings show plainly the scars of the conflict. A portion of the stone wall that was occupied by Cobb's Brigade is still standing, and a stone placed near this wall marks the spot where General Cobb fell. The cottage is still there, and the door shutter can be seen through which the shell passed that is said to have struck him down. A national cemetery occupies the heights to the right of the Marye house, extending to Hazel Run, where we were informed that over twelve thousand of the enemy's troops were buried.

Returning to Richmond, we went down to Seven Pines, passed over a portion of the Savage Station battlefields, crossed the Chickahominy at the grapevine bridge to Cold Harbor and Gains's Mill. Here the writer (amember of Captain Brown's company, E, 14th South Carolina Volunteers) first heard the zip, zip of the Minie ballsJune 27, 1862. Previous to this time, however, we had become somewhat accustomed to the booming cannon and bursting shell. The old mill was. burned down later and rebuilt after thewar, but it is now running. The morning after this battle Lieut. Col. W. D. Simpson, being in command of the 14th Regiment, Colonel McGowan having been wounded) walked over the field in our front and, returning to our lines, said: "O, the horrible sight out there in front! I believe I could walk. all over two acres of ground, making every step on the dead body of an enemy." They were of Porter's Corps. In 1864 their bones lay bleaching on. this field when we confronted Grant at this point.

We viewed the Crater at Petersburg, The line of the underground tunnel for about five hundred yards iseasily traced, also the zigzag ditch used by our pickets to and from the rifle pits. After the explosion on July 30, 1864, a continual fusillade of shot and shell was kept on this part of our lines. until they were broken on April 2, 1865. The cemetery around old Blandford Church shows the marks left on the gravestones by shot and shell from Grant's batteries. Beautiful memorial windows have been placed in the church by most of the Southern States.

Old Fort Gregg still stands near the Jerusalem plank road toward Dinwiddie courthouse. Here on April 2, 1865, two hundred and fifty men commanded by Colonel Duncan, of Harris's Mississippi Brigade, and two hundred from the 14th South Carolina Volunteers repulsed the triple lines of the enemy, several thousand, three times and held the fort until. our ammunition was exhausted. Then came surrender and prison life at Point Lookout.The battlefield of Jones's Farm, the last place occupied by McGowan's Brigade as winter quarters, can still be located from the ramparts of this fort.A ten mile ride by rail brought us to City Point, where the winter quarters of Grant's adjutant general still stands, yet very much decayed. A fine view of the James and the mouth of the Appomattox Rivers can be had here.

Hoarding the good boat Pocahontas on its way from Richmond, we caught glimpses of many historic localities: Fortress Monroe, Old Jamestown, and the place where the Merrimac created consternation among the enemy's fleet, also the old Randolph home, where, I was told, General Washington's courtship with Mary Randolph ended in disappointment to the General then and possibly regret to Mary later. He, however, found consolation with the charming widow Custis.MONIES HELD AT CLOSE OF THE WAR.

BROOKLYN EAGLE ON R. T. WILSON.

When the Southern Confederacy fell, it fell. Like the onehorse shay, it went all to pieces, just as bubbles do when they burst. Well, when the Confederacy thus collapsed, it had money secured through its agents for cotton stored abroad, The cotton had run the blockade. The money ran the blockade back to the South, and it was received by the agent who had retransmitted it frequently to the Richmond government.

At the very last there was no Richmond government, and no Confederacy. The last installment of money for cotton was received after the Confederate government had ceased to be. It could not be returned to a government that had ceased to exist and whose officers were fugitives. The agent who received that last installment did not feel like handing it over to the United States government. The latter did not know the agent existed. It could, therefore, make no claim on him.

He just retained the money. There were none to whom it belonged here and none who claimed it. The man kept it, came North, invested it, made more money with it, and became one of the richest and most influential business men in New York, dying a multi millionaire, respected, unimpeachable, and allied through the marriages of his children with some of the most distinguished families in the United States and Great Britain. This ex Confederate agent and subsequent metropolitan multi millionaire became one of the most liberal supporters of charity, education, and religion. What he gave away a hundred times exceeded what events laid in his lap.

We incidentally announce the death of Richard T. Wilson, at 511 Fifth Avenue, Manhattan. And there were others who were alike fortunate.

DEGREES BY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Readers of the VETERAN will be interested in the recent action of the board of trustees of the University of North Carolina in voting to confer the degree of A.B., as of their class, upon all students of the university who during the period from 1861 to 1865 withdrew to enter upon military or naval service in the Civil War. At the coming commencement, therefore, the degree will be conferred upon all who are found of those who left Chapel Hill to serve their country. Many of them died gallantly on the battlefield, more have since been called hence, but a number still remain, and the university hopes that these whom she delights to honor will all be present to receive their degrees.

The record of the University of North Carolina alumni in the war is a proud one. Of the 2,403 alumni of military age possibly alive in 1861 and many were without doubt dead 1,078 are known to have been in the Confederate service. Of the 1,331 matriculates between 1850 and 1861, 759, or fifty six per cent, were in the army or navy. The total number of those known to have died in service is 312, All of these figures are incomplete, and it is thought that the number in service was much greater.

It is very desirable that the university should communicate at once with those who are entitled to receive the degree, and readers of the VETERAN are earnestly requested to assist as much as possible. Information is desired of the present address if living, the record and date of death if dead, of the following, whose last address in possession of the University of North Carolina is also given. All communications should be addressed to J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton, Alumni Professor of History, who, in behalf of the university, assures those giving assistance of gratitude for their efforts.

CORRECTED LIST.

The University of North Carolina is unable to communicate with the following alumni for lack of their correct addresses. Will you be good enough to look over the list and assist us in locating them or obtaining some information in regard to them? Address all communications to J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton, Chapel Hill, N. C.

Class of 1861: Pleasant B. dark, Jefferson, Tex., Edward C. Easterling, Georgetown, S. C.

Class of 1862: Thomas J. Burke, Barbour County, Ala., Isaac W. Clark, Coffeeville, Tex., Thomas W. Hardeman, Matagorda, Tex., Samuel Snow, 7 Wall Street, New York.

Class of 1863: S. Wallace Beery, Florence, Ga., William A. Brown, Grenada, Miss., G. Ferdinand Farrow, Memphis, Tenn., Thomas J. Lanier, Quincy, Fla., Josiah F. Mathews, Greenville, Tex., John H. Parsons, Jefferson, Tex., George H. Williamson, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Class of 1864: F. Edgeworth Eve, Appling, Ga., Edwin H. Cobbs, Pittsylvania County, Va., Henry A. Gordon, Person County, N. C., Edward L. Jeffreys, Wake County, N. C., James C. Jones, Madison Parish, La., Augustus Powell, Coahoma, Miss., William T. Riggs, De Soto Parish, La., E. Douglas Sandford, Houston, Tex. Thomas P. Savage, Nansemond County, Va., Ambrose H. Sevier, Lowesville, Ark., William M. Sneed, Memphis, Tenn., MungoT. Purnell, Grenada, Miss.

Class of 1865: Rev. William H. Call, Winton, N. C., James P. Carson, Charleston, S. C., A. Branson Howard, Bethany, N. C., Richard H. Sims, Brunswick County, Va., Washington Thomas, Washington, N, C.

Class of 1866: David H. Edwards, Green County, Ark., George B. Simral, Woodville, Miss., John W. Land, Whitakers, N. C.

Class of 1867: Onslow Regan, Robeson County, N. C. Class of 1868: Colin W. Hawkins, Raleigh, N. C., Charles E. Watson Meridian, Miss.

Mr. Weed Marshall, of Mayfield, Mo., who went through the war in the Trans Mississippi Department, wants to know the burial place of Col. Upton Hays, and if it is being properly cared for. He was in the fight at Newtonia when Colonel Hays was killed, but went on with the command, and will appreciate any information from surviving comrades as to his burial. Colonel Hays was an officer of Shelby's Brigade, 7th Regiment, and was succeeded by Col. David Shanks.

Mr. Weed Marshall, of Mayfield, Mo., who went through the war in the Trans Mississippi Department, wants to know the burial place of Col. Upton Hays, and if it is being properly cared for. He was in the fight at Newtonia when Colonel Hays was killed, but went on with the command, and will appreciate any information from surviving comrades as to his burial. Colonel Hays was an officer of Shelby's Brigade, 7th Regiment, and was succeeded by Col. David Shanks.

Mrs. T. P. Walton, of Slate Springs, Miss., desires to hear from some comrades of her husband, Thomas P. Walton, who served in Company E, 7th Kentucky Regiment. Response to this will be appreciated.
A CAVALRY COMPANY OF GIRLS.

BY W. G. ALLEN, DAYTON, TENN.

In the early summer of 1862 there were three companies stationed along the foot of Walden's Ridge, in Tennessee Valley, from Sale Creek to Emory Gap, drilling and doing picket duty, sometimes making scouts into Scott County to watch the enemy. One of these companies had been organized by Capt. W. T. Gass in August, 1861, another by Capt. Bert Lenty in April, 1862, and the third by Capt. W. T. Darwin in May, 1862. In the summer of 1862 some twenty young ladies of Rhea County agreed to meet at certain points in that county and go in squads to visit one of these companies, where some of them had fathers, brothers, or sweethearts. In a spirit of fun they organized a cavalry company by electing Miss Mary McDonald captain and Miss Jennie Hoyal, Miss O. J. Locke, Miss R. T. Thomison as lieutenants. The members of the company were Misses Kate Hoyal, Barbara F. Alien, Jane Keith, Mary Keith, Sallie Mitchell, Caroline McDonald, Jane Paine, Mary Robertson, Mary Paine, Mary Crawford, Anne Myers, Mary Ann McDonald, and Martha Early. This group would meet at certain places and make visits to the companies, taking knicknacks and such wearing apparel as the soldiers needed.

After the Federals had occupied the valley in 1863, reducing the women and children to starvation, one John P. Walker came out of his hiding place and gathered about him deserters and army stragglers, organized a cavalry company, and attached it to the 5th Tennessee, known as Colonel Goon's "Hogback" Regiment of Cavalry. After robbing the citizens from the time General Rosecrans occupied Chattanooga in 1863 until April, 1864, Captain Walker concluded he would crush the "rebellion." So on the 5th of April, 1865, he ordered Lieut. W. B. Gothard to arrest each of these dangerous young ladies living north of Squire Thomison's, which was two miles south of Washington, and to be at that place by twelve o'clock on April 6. The same notice was given for those living southeast of Dunwoody's Mill, on Richland Creek, as well as those living north of Smith's Crossroads.
Lieutenant Gothard, with a mounted guard, marched seven of the young ladies afoot from Thomison's five miles to Smith's Crossroads, where six more of the girls were added, making thirteen. They were then marched to Bell's Landing, on the Tennessee River. It was dark and muddy, and the girls marched before a mounted guard through water and mud in the dark, often in mud over their shoe tops. When near Bell's Landing the squad of three from Dunwoody's joined them, and the sixteen were marched to Bell's Landing and held on the river bank until the old boat known as the "Chicken Thief" came. They were then ordered on board this boat, which was used by the government for shipping hay, hogs, and cattle, and what else could be found or taken from any one who was fortunate enough to have anything left, The old boat had no cabin, but there was a place called the "dining room," and from this the table was moved out and the sixteen girls placed therein, with a guard at each door.The girls were worn out. Some of them had walked ten or twelve miles, and none less than six. They were exhausted, and soon lay down in rows on the floor. On arriving at Chattanooga they were marched up Market Street to the corner of Seventh to the office of the provost marshal, named Brayton. General Steadman's adjutant, S. B. Moe, sent for the General, who came in and looked at the girls. After he heard Captain Walker's tale, he gave him a severe reprimand and directed his adjutant to take them to the Central House, have the best meal possible prepared for them, then take them back to the old boat and have Captain Wilds, who was in charge, carry them back to their starting place. After being refreshed by this meal, they went with Adjutant Moe to the boat, on which they had the same accommodations as before no beds, no chairs, no guards. While waiting for the boat to start they heard that General Lee had surrendered. This was sad news to them, as many had relatives with Lee and Johnston.
General Steadman ordered Captain Walker to take the girls back to their homes, but he paid no attention to the order. The girls were glad he did not, and they got home as best they could. Not one of the girls was over twenty two years of age, and most of them were sixteen and eighteen. They belonged to the best families of Rhea County, and had been reared by parents who took great pride in them. Forty six years have passed since then, and with the passing of time all have crossed over the river except Mary McDonald, Mary Ann McDonald, and R. T. Thomison.

Barbara Frances Alien, a member of the company, had a father in prison, three brothers with General Lee, and one with Gen. J. E. Johnston. She was eighteen years old when she took the oath of allegiance.

Miss R. T. Thomison, third lieutenant of the company, had a brother wounded at Shiloh, a brother killed at Chickamauga, and another brother with General Lee. She was seventeen.

(This vivid description of conditions at the time should be known by the girls of this generation.)WOMEN OF THE SOUTH TO BE HONORED. BY COL. J. P. HICKMAN, NASHVILLE, CHAIRMAN FOR TENNESSEE: AND SECRETARY GENERAL COMMITTEE.

Monuments to the women of the South are to be erected in all of the Southern States. The State of Tennessee has appropriated $6,000 for one on the Capitol grounds at Nashville, but it is desired to raise $8,500 additional, and the following appeal has been issued to the people of Tennessee:

In the War between the States the Confederate soldiers in bivouac, on the march, or in battle did not suffer more than did the women of the South. The whole South is dotted over with monuments commemorating the chivalry, the heroism, the sacrifice, and the devotion to duty of the Confederate soldier. Then why not build monuments to the women of the South, who were the mothers, daughters, wives, sisters, and sweethearts of those Confederate soldiers? 
With this object in view, the United Confederate Veterans appointed a committee, consisting of one member from each of the Confederate States. This committee met in Atlanta, Ga., on December 29, 1909, and organized. It then determined that there should be built in the Capitol grounds of each of the seceding States (and elsewhere if desired) a monument to the women of the South, commemorating their love, their devotion, and their sacrifice for the South and for the Confederate soldier. This committee then selected for this monument a design by Miss Belle Kinney, of Nashville, Tenn. This design represents a wounded and dying Confederate soldier supported by Fame. Just as his spirit takes its flight to his God a typical Southern woman crowns the soldier with laurels, and it is then that Fame crowns the woman for her patriotism and devotion. The Legislature of Tennessee at its 1909 session provided a location on Capitol Hill for the monument and appropriated $6,000 for the pedestal. The people of Tennessee are now called upon to raise $8,500, and this, with the State's appropriation, will erect upon the Capitol Hill a typical, appropriate, and handsome monument to the women of the South.

The Tennessee Division of Confederate Soldiers at their convention in Clarksville, Tenn., on October 13, 1909, appointed the following subcommittees to assist the chairman in raising this money: 



East Tennessee: John 1. Cox, Bristol, John M. Brooks, Knoxville, F. A. Shotwell, Rogersville.

Middle Tennessee: Baxter Smith, Leland Hume, J. R. Sadler, Nashville. 



West Tennessee: C. B. Simonton, Covington, J. N. Rainey, R. H. Lake, Memphis.

The time has arrived when this money must be raised, and we call upon the people of Tennessee to subscribe to this worthy and noble object. Any subscription made to either of the subcommittees or the chairman will be properly credited, and the subscription will be published. We beg you to act without delay.

MEDALS FOR TRUE HISTORY IN TENNESSEE. Mrs. Owen Walker, Historian of the Tennessee Division, U. D. C., in a talk at a recent historical meeting of Nashville Chapter No. 1 on the importance of the study of Southern history and literature in our public schools outlined a plan by which she hopes to enlist a wide spread and active interest in the subject both in all U. D. C. Chapters and in the schools. The plan is as follows :

Each Chapter is to offer an annual prize for the best essay written by any pupil of the public high schools in the county in which the Chapter is located. Chapters are, of course, free to extend their offer to other counties where there are no U D. C. Chapters if they so desire. This would be an excellent idea where there are a number of Chapters in one county and adjoining counties which have no Chapters.
The prize offered by each Chapter is to be a handsome set of books carefully chosen from the works of the best Southern authors. Thus each Chapter will be disseminating Southern history and literature, while stimulating an interest in its study.

The prize essays only are to be sent to the Division Historian, who will have them judged for a Division medal. The verdict as to the Division medal is to be announced at the annual convention of the Division, and if the writer is present, the medal will be awarded and the essay read before the convention.

The History Committee will select the subject for these essays and judges for the prize essays. Mrs. Walker also recommends that each Chapter form a strong History Committee, with its Historian as chairman, to examine supplementary and reference books on history in public school libraries and the children's department of public libraries in its own community and county, who shall recommend to the proper authorities the elimination of any books inculcating false history, and who shall further recommend to the same authorities a list of books on Southern history and literature suitable for use in such libraries. This list will be furnished to each Chapter Historian by the Division Historian after approval by the History Committee and the President of the Division. The best authorities will be consulted in making up the list.

In presenting her plan Mrs. Walker spoke of the lamentable fact that the Southern side of American history has been persistently ignored or falsified, and urged that the South should be given its proper historical status, that only true history be taught. She said that educators are paying more attention than formerly to the study of history and consider it of great value, and that the public schools now offer an excellent history course. She emphasized the assertion that history is no longer taught by text books alone, but history and literature are carried along together, illustrating and supplementing each other in a way that greatly enhances the value and interest of both. She pointed out the ethical value of these studies, their influence on manners and morals, their power of inspiring high ideals, emphasizing the peculiar fitness of Southern history and literature for this purpose. She spoke with pride and gratitude of the recent impetus given the cause of general education in Tennessee.

NEGRO FIELD HANDS DOOMED.

Under this heading the Vicksburg Herald tells a story of a cotton picker, and quotes an operator who regards it as "the real thing," and comments: "There have been so manylike claims in the past, of machines that pick cotton at last,' that any repetition will be looked upon with distrust." This comment recalls a good story told the writer by Rev. M. B. DeWitt, one of the most efficient and beloved chaplains in the Army of Tennessee. A few years after the war, while Dr. DeWitt was pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church at Huntsville, Ala., the "trial of a sulky plow" was made in the vicinity. There was a large attendance to witness the test, which was very satisfactory. Two ol da kies were in conference about it, and one asked the other: "Did you ever think it would come to dat?" '"Yes," replied his companion, "I knowed dat when de white man had to plow he'd ride."

TRIALS WITH GEN. JOHN H. MORGAN. (Concluding chapter from the "Memoirs" of John Allan Wyeth, M.D., LL.D., with Gen. John H. Morgan's cavalry in 1862 63. The other chapter was in the March issue.)

On December 28 we were up and away early, bound for the two great trestles on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad at Muldraugh's Hill, the destruction of which was the most important object of the expedition. They were each from sixty to seventy five feet high, seemingly six or seven hundred feet in length, and constructed then entirely of wooden beams, or "bents," superimposed one upon another until the required height was reached. They were deemed of such importance that two strong wooden stockades or forts had been built, and were then garrisoned by an Indiana regiment (I think the 47th Infantry). Dividing his command, Morgan assailed both strongholds at the same time, the artillery doing most of the execution. In less than two hours the two garrisons of seven hundred men were prisoners. This was the second time that Morgan had captured this regiment, and he had Ellsworth take the wire and telegraph Governor Morton, of Indiana, that he would "thank him to send the oilcloths and overcoats next time and save him the trouble of making out paroles." I made two valuable acquisitions to my military outfit as my part of the booty one a very serviceable oilcloth which did good duty for many a wet day and night, the other a splendid new Enfeld rifle with which gun the Union regiment had recently been equipped. It and its former owner were my first personal captures, and for the unwarlike and almost absurd features of this incident I relate it.

When our shells had made it too hot for the Hoosiers to stay inside the stockade, and before the formal surrender was made, some of them, hoping to escape, ran out and hid behind logs and in the underbrush of the near by woods. When the white flag went up, General Morgan, who was with our company, led the way, all of us on foot, practically sliding down the steep hillside. I was so close to him that once in the descent when my feet slipped from under me I nearly slid between his legs. The first thing I told my mother in describing the incidents of this trip was this, and I remember how proud I was to be so close to Morgan, at that time the most famous cavalry leader of the Western Army. When we reached the stockade, we were ordered to scour the woods for fugitives. About two or three hundred yards from the fort I came upon a stripling, who, hearing me approach, jumped up from behind the trunk of a fallen tree and held up one hand in token of surrender. As no one else was immediately at hand, I took his gun (Enfield) and accouterments. He seemed no older than myself, a good looking lad with "peachdown cheeks" which had tears trickling over them. His crying quickly aroused my sympathy, and I tried to reassure him by saying: "Don't be afraid, nobody shall harm yon. You'll be paroled now and can go home." At this he sobbed out: "I've got a good mother at home, and if I ever get back, I'll never leave her again." By this time my own feelings were getting the best of me, and when he mentioned his mother the thought of my own (even to this day, though long ago dead), never long out of my mind, overwhelmed me, and I began to cry too, telling him that I had a good mother too and doing my best to comfort the poor fellow. All this occurred as we were walking side by side back to the stockade, my war spirit no little dampened, and the pride of my capture about lost in the sympathy for the captive. How often I have Late in the night we reached Rolling Fork River, on the Bardstown Road, and there, tired and weary, we bivouacked until daybreak. Up to this time we had had a picnic, and sang with feeling and faith that gay chant of the mounted man, "If You Want to Have a Good Time Jine the Cavalry," but in more senses than one the clouds were gathering. The celestial storm held off for twenty four hours, but the storm terrestrial broke early that morning, for a strong body of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, under the command of Col. John M. Harlan (later General and still later Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States) and officially reported by him as two thousand nine hundred effectives (his official report shows that he had in his own brigade at the time five regiments of infantry and Southwick's Battery. To these were added the 14th Kentucky Infantry and 12th Cavalry. "Official Records," Volume XX., Part 1., pp. 137 and 138), came up with our rear guard and opened a brisk and very accurate fire with artillery. With the exception of some five hundred men, including Quirk's company and Cluke's Regiment, which had been sent on a fruitless effort to destroy the railroad bridge over the Rolling Fork, and which was then several miles away, all of Morgan's command had crossed the river and were out of reach on the way to Bardstown. Colonel Duke, in the hope of holding the enemy at bay until Cluke could extricate himself quickly, recrossed to our side, took command, and with his wonted boldness assailed the advancing Federals. The attack was so savage and so vigorously sustained by this handful of men that Colonel Harlan hesitated to press his great advantage. Cluke, hearing the racket, hurried to the fight and lined up with Duke's troopers.

Despite this reenforcement, with a river right in our rear, the crossing of which was difficult, our position was precarious. We were all apprehensive that the "bluff" our colonel was putting up might be called and before the order which he had just given to cross as quickly as possible could be carried out. The greater portion of the men had been withdrawn under cover of an active skirmish line, when Colonel Duke was severely wounded and rendered immediately unconscious. He was only a few yards from our company and very near the bank of the river where the horses of the dismounted skirmishers were being held. A well aimed shrapnel exploded right among the horses, killing several animals. A fragment struck Duke on the head, and he fell unconscious. I had no doubt that he had been instantly killed. With this disaster no time could be lost in getting away. Quirk and others of the scouts hurried to the fallen man, to whom every soldier in the command was devotedly attached. Our captain had the limp form placed astride the pommel of the saddle in which he was seated, and with one arm around his chest plunged into the river. Quirk and Duke were both small in size and of light weight, and the captain's horse, a powerful, large bay, carried his double load safely across. The water was not quite swimming deep, but in the deepest places came high enough on the saddle skirts to wet the feet and legs of those who did not ride on their knees. No horse ever forded a stream with more clean grit on his back than this noble thoroughbred carried on this occasion. The skirmishers came running in, mounted their horses, and every Confederate on the south bank hurried over.
Had the Federal commander pushed his advantage in this crisis and swept down on us with his greatly superior numbers, we must have lost heavily. As it was, we did not lose a man. A carriage was impressed, filled with soft bedding, and in this our unconscious colonel was placed and carried safely along with the command. (Gen, Basil W. Duke still survives at this date, December, 1910.) Our other wounded rode out on their horses.

The Federal colonel reports his losses as three killed and one wounded, and says the citizens told him we "had thrown our dead in the river." The truth is no one was killed on our side, and, besides Duke, our other two were not seriously wounded. As we were crossing the stream I saw Captain Pendleton, of the 8th Kentucky, who had an ugly laceration of the hand. While holding his pistol a Minie ball struck the handle of the weapon and shattered it, driving the pieces into the palm. The Union commander explained his cautious advance by saying that he knew "Morgan had a larger force than I." ("Official Records," Volume XX., Part 1., p. 139.) A careful study of the records makes it clear that Colonel Harlan had on the ground and in action fully three times as many men as Duke. As already given, two thirds of Morgan's troops had crossed the river earlier in the day and were well on the march toward Bardstown. From the time he entered Kentucky the famous raider had caused to be circulated bywire and by every other means exaggerated reports of hisstrength (in the "Official Records," Volume XX., Part 1., p. 147, he is reported to have had eleven thousand men), and this, ruse now served him well, for he was beset on every sideby detachments hurried forward to prevent his escape.

After a strenuous day, for Quirk was ordered to ride through the command and take the lead, we reached Bardstown at dusk. The scouts were half an hour ahead of the column and as we rode along the street to quarter ourselves and horses in the best livery stable we noticed a big store still open for business and. well supplied with general merchandise. After unsaddling and feeding our tired horses, Lieutenant Brady and I walked over to make some purchases and surprised the proprietor by offering Confederate money. He had seen us or heard our horses as we marched by, but supposed we belonged to the army that paid for things in current greenbacks. We noticed his disinclination to let us have what we wanted, but Bradytold him that, as we needed the articles and had no other than Confederate money, which the Lieutenant asserted was as good as United States currency, he could take that or nothing, and he took it. A pair of boots and spurs and long yellowgauntlets were my most distinctly remembered acquisitions. The proprietor closed his store as soon as he could on the plea. of going to his supper. That night my comrade and I slept on our blankets in the stable loft. Every man was required to stay close to his horse, as the enemy were threatening uson all sides. 
The next morning (December 30) others of our command, attracted by the splendor of our newly purchased apparel, sent a messenger to the residence of the proprietor requesting him to open his store early, as there were a lot of customers who had to leave town soon. Word was sent back that he had gone to the country and had taken the key with him, and the store could not be opened until his return. At this announcement a crowd of at least a hundred men broke down the doors, swarmed in, and helped themselves to everything in sight. Those first in soon began to emerge with all they could carry, not without difficulty, however, for there was a surging crowd pressing to get in before everything was gone. I laughed to see one trooper who induced the others to let him out by holding an ax in front of him the cutting edge forward, his arm clasping a bundle of at least a dozen pairs of shoes, with other plunder, and on his head a pyramid of eight or ten soft hats, one telescoped into the other just as they came out of the packing box. Within a short half hour nothing was left inside but the shelves and counters, for in the riot of this uncontrolled desire to plunder these men took piles of stuff they could not possibly use. This was the first act of plundering I had witnessed, and it is needless to say that my Presbyterian notions of the differentiation between meum and tuunt received a rude shock. I am sorry to have to confess that familiarity with war time lawlessness gradually dulled this finer sense, and I, charging it up in my conscience to necessity, since the government could not provide for us, fell from my high estate and became too a forager. Much in war is ennobling, but much more tends to degradation.

It was still clear and yet colder than we had thus far experienced as we rode out of Bardstown that December going in the direction of Springfield. Our spirits were high for everything had thus far gone our way, and a short distance out of town as we passed a Catholic institution (I think it was a home of the Trappist Brotherhood) Lieutenant Brady told us that one of the brothers, who under his vows was either now living or had lived within this home, was the author of the poem "Lorena," which had been set to music and was then very popular, and with his rich voice he sang it loud enough to have been heard by the inmates. It was the old, old story of two mortals who had met and loved and parted, he to bury himself in a monastery, while she could never be his and under no circumstances happy. No one could forget the song who heard it sung by this handsome son of Erin:

The years creep slowly by, Lorena, 
The snow is on the grass again, 
The sun's low down the sky, Lorena, 
The frost gleams where the flowers have been. 

The heart beats on as warmly now 
As when the summer days were nigh, 
The sun can never dip so low 
Adown affection's cloudless sky.

It was fortunate that we derived the pleasure we did from "Lorena" and "Bonnie Mary of Argyle" and other gems in the Irishman's repertoire thus early in the day, for by noon the elements and the Yankees combined to rob us of all peace of mind or body and to knock romance and poetry and song sky high for many a weary hour. Had we foreseen what we were going into and through from Bardstown on as we rode so gayly by our Trappist Brothers' home, the voice of the minstrel would have been stilled, or else he would have given us "On Jordan's Stormy Banks I Stand" instead of "Lorena." About midday the sun went down, and the heavens were hung with black, and a chilling, fine, slow falling rain set in which, as the thermometer fell, turned into sleet and snow.

Reaching Springfield in the gloom of the evening, Captain Quirk was ordered to keep on to the suburbs of Lebanon, some eight miles farther, where a large detachment of Union soldiers had been gathered to gobble up the great raider and his "horse thieves." Quirk was told to drive in the pickets and build fires for as long a line on that side of the town as possible in order to give the enemy the impression that we were up in force and were only awaiting daylight to attack. It is not necessary to add that he carried out his orders faithfully. We thought he overdid it, and so did the Yankees, for they made great preparations, sat up all night, and were ready. We were kept busy piling fence rails and making fires late in the night but were not allowed to stay long enough by any one fire to warm ourselves, for while we were thus engaged our wily general was leading his men along a narrow and not much used country road which left Lebanon some two miles to. the left and passed around it.

Having done our work, we caught up with the column and were detailed as the rear guard through that awful night. Between the bitter, penetrating cold, the fatigue, the overwhelming desire to sleep, so difficult to overcome, and under the conditions we were experiencing, so fatal if yielded to, the numerous halts to get the artillery out of bad places in the muddy road (for the men had to dismount and put their shoulders to the wheels), the almost impenetrable darkness, and the inevitable confusion which attends the moving of troops along a narrow and bad roadway, we put in a night of misery never to be forgotten. I remember passing a small cabin near the roadside and seeing the gleam of the fire from the hearth through the crack under the door, and I felt then as if I would give everything I had in this world or any hope for another just for the privilege of lying down in front of that blaze and going to sleep. One of our chief duties toward morning was to keep each other awake and to let no man fall out by the way. Could we have moved on continuously, it would not have been so wearisome and painful, but the frequent halts of from five minutes to half an hour became almost unbearable. The sleet pelted us unmercifully and covered our oilcloths with a coating of ice. Finally I became so numb that I could not hold my gun, and somewhere in the darkness it dropped from my hands and was lost. It was the fine Enfield rifle I took from the lad at the Muldraugh's Hill fight, too long in the barrel and too heavy and clumsy for cavalry, but one of the best guns of that day for a man on foot. If I had had a sling for strapping it to my saddle, it could have been carried securely. (Forty years after this experience my friend, Mr. McChord, of Danville, Ky., who was studying with me at the Polyclinic, told me that the night Morgan's men rode around Lebanon they passed by his father's farm, and the next morning he picked up in the road a beautiful new Enfield rifle. When he narrated this to me, while he knew I had served with Morgan, he did not know I had lost my gun that night and at that place.) Time and time again I dismounted and, holding on to the stirrup leather, trudged along on foot or was pulled by my faithful Fanny through the slush and snow to keep from freezing. As we were in the rear of the column, the condition of the road may be imagined after the hoofs of three thousand five hundred horses had chopped it up. Several times in the night the enemy were reported as following right on our heels, but if they were, they never got in striking distance. The chances are that the blizzard which raged that night kept them close to shelter and saved us from disaster.

Daylight found us south of Lebanon, out of the immediate danger with which we were threatened, but we kept on, for a heavy column was reported moving from Mumfordsville and Glasgow to intercept us at Columbia or Burkesville. We stopped about twelve o'clock noon for an hour to feed and rest horses and men, and then rode to Campbellsville, where we arrived at dark, having been thirty six hours in the saddle since leaving Bardstown. After crossing the Rolling Fork, horse details scoured the country in the line of march for extra mounts, which were impressed and led out for the army Lieutenant Brady secured and gave me a stocky roan, and by the time we crossed the Tennessee border every man in my company was leading an extra horse. At Campbellsville we captured a large lot of supplies, and from an enthusiastic merchant who believed in the ultimate success of the Southern Confederacy I bought, among other things, a bolt of calico (enough to make a dress each for my mother and two sisters) and a box of pins. Both of these articles of commerce had gone out of existence in the South, and the pins were especially valuable. All my acquisitions were packed on my led horse. We rested eight hours of this night, and early on New Year'sday, 1863, were off southward, reaching Columbia late in the afternoon, and then on the whole bitter cold night through, without stopping until we passed through Burkesville early on January 2, when we again stopped to feed and rest.
Since leaving Bardstown we had been battling with the Yankees and the elements for seventy two hours, and in the saddle all this time with the exception of nine hours. The independent scout had not yet "seen the army," but he was getting acquainted with Mars. Gen. Basil W. Duke in his "History of Morgan's Cavalry" says: "It is common to hear men who served in Morgan's Cavalry through all its career of trial and hardship refer to this night march around Lebanon as the most trying scene of their entire experience."' All through that night this brave soldier (luckily for him that he was still unconscious from the wound received at Rolling Fork) was being tenderly watched in the improvised ambulance which was bearing him along with the men who loved him back to Dixie.

I never appreciated General Morgan's great ability as a soldier until I studied the official reports of the various Federal commanders who were trying to destroy him at this time. He was beset on all sides by detachments outnumbering him four to one. Nothing saved him but the genius of leadership which divined the plans and movements of the enemy in time to elude him and the devotion of the men who followed his fortunes and believed in him implicitly. I wonder now that after having succeeded in the object of his expedition which culminated in the destruction of the Muldraugh's Hill trestles he did not turn on Colonel Harlan and capture or scatter his command. He could have done this readily and been free to retrace at leisure his steps to Glasgow and Tennessee.

By the end of the first week in January the scouts reached Liberty, Tenn., where we were quartered for picket duty. While we were away the great battle of Murfreesboro had been fought, and Bragg had fallen back to Tullahoma. About January 15 Lieutenant Brady relieved himself of his charge by dispatching me home. Near the close of the second day on my return trip I very unexpectedly met my dear father, who on horseback was on his way to find out what had become of his son, and the next day my mother's anxiety and distress were relieved by the return of the prodigal. LET IT BE PERPETUAL, YEA, ENDURE FOREVER.

BY NANNIE NUTT.

To Richmond, still the Mecca of our hearts,

Guarding proud memories by the historic James,

Turn we to day in reverence and in love

From the far bounds of the united South,

From where the Gulf is gladdend by a ray

Flashed from the crescent diadem that crowns

Father of Waters with historic light

(For here, a second time on Southern soil,

Gave we in trumpet tones of victory

A final answer unto England's claims) ,

From where the Tropic, prodigal of wealth,

Showers her bounty in the outstretched hands

Of one forever fair beneath the spell

Of endless summer,

From where the star of Texas regnant shines,

O'er mountains wild, vast plains, and ocean wave,

Come we and kneel before our uncrowned queen,

Most regal still with memories august,

That, like a purple pall,

Shut out all fear of Fate's vicissitudes.

Her empire is the glory of her sons,

Therefore 'tis meet we place within her hands

The sculptured urn which holds their mortal dust

And crystallizes their immortal deeds

In marble memories of inspired art.

That glory like an aureole lights her brow

In such apotheosis prouder still

Than when the sovereign States placed on her head

The nation's diadem.

Defeat can tarnish not her lustrous past,

Nor blight the garlands that her heroes won

On fields where Fame to Valor gave the palmù

Immortal palms above the reach

Of base born chance.

Their glory is thy priceless heritage,

O sons and daughters of the vanquished South

Preserve it ever as a sacred trust,

Record thy title in art chiseled stone,

In Southern marble let it proudly rise

To greet the sun by the historic stream

Upon whose shores our fathers found a home.

First in the vast and trackless wilderness,

Virginia, thine the proud preeminence

Of age, of glory, and of bitter woe

Yorktown rendered thy land illustrious,

But Appomattox made it sacred ground,

The name of Lee is dear as Washington

One in defeat and one in victory

Shine from our Southern sky with equal light

Their mother, then, shall guard our nation's tomb.

No prouder record shall the sun behold

In all his journey to the Golden Gate,

Though winged victory perch not on the dome,

Glory shall light the sepulcher, for lo I

The tomb of the South is temple of Fame

Where the poet, sculptor, painter,

Earth's high priests, shall pour libations,

Keep the sacred fire burning

By which noble deeds are kindled.

Here the memories of our heroes

Are transfixed in deathless marble,

Like white dreams of the ideal,

Shall around the future hover,

Till its life becomes more noble

In the beauty of the vision.

Here Fame gives apotheosis

Unto every Southern hero,

Whether private or commander,

Be the dust treasured in this mausoleum,

Or widespread on battle plain,

Mingling with its mother earth

Through long years of sun and rain,

Where'er it lies, there let it rest

'Neath starry daisies in the grassy pall

With which impartial Nature covers all.

Dust to the dust,

but deeds heroic as theirs

Mount to the zenith of crystal fame,

Skying their native land.

Mount and shine there, effulgent stars,

To point the path of glory to the sky.

ARTILLERY IN BATTLE OF THE CRATER.

BY LIEUT. W. P. ROBINSON, DANVILLI, VA.
(Captain Crispin Dickenson, commanding the Ringgold (Va.) Battery in an engagement at Cloyd's Mountain, states (see "War Records," serial No. 70, page 60): "Lieutenant Robinson was in charge of the gun, a Napoleon twelve pounder, and moved as rapidly as possible, taking position in an open field about seventy five yards in the rear of our line of infantry, and fired seven spherical case shots into the enemy, who were advancing through the woods. The gun ceased firing during a short interval to spare our men, who were retiring, when again a charge of canister was thrown into the enemy's line, doing considerable execution, when it was limbered up and moved off the field, although one of the wheel horses had a broken leg.")Confederate Veteran April 1911

About June 16, 1864, the Ringgold Battery, of which I was first lieutenant, posted on the breastworks at Cold Harbor, received orders to go to the support of Petersburg against Grant's army, which was then crossing the James River, trying to take Petersburg before General Lee could get there.

We crossed the James River on a pontoon bridge, and the infantry (a Texas brigade), marching in front of us, met the enemy and drove them pell mell back to Drewry's Bluff. Our battery was run into a big breastwork at night, and we were prepared for battle, but during the night we heard our enemies leaving our front and on pontoon bridges crossing the Appomattox to the Petersburg side. We could easily hear, the rumbling of their artillery and wagons crossing the bridge. Before dawn we proceeded to Petersburg, and when we arrived there, we were sent to relieve Pegram's Battery on the same spot that was afterwards blown up on the morning of July 30, 1864, and is now known as the Crater.

We undertook to take our pieces into the works and let Pegram remove his, but the enemy was so close to our lines that it was impracticable. The enemy was so close that we could not put out a picket line. My cannon were on the front line and only fifty yards from the enemy. Our horses and cannon were sent to the rear, and our officers and cannoneers took charge of Pegram's guns, which were four twelve pound brass Napoleon guns exactly like ours, so we manned the guns and relieved Pegram's men, who went to camp for rest.

Our breastworks amounted to very little, and with incessant sharpshooting going on all the time, night as well as day, we had to sit down or kneel down all the time to keep from being shot. A hat on a stick shown above the breastworks was immediately perforated with bullet holes. We worked incessantly night and day to strengthen our breastworks, until relieved by Pegram and his men, who took their guns again. In two or three weeks we had made our fort as strong as dirt and timber could make it. While in the Crater the officers were not allowed to go out at night. Our cooking was done at our horse camp in the rear. One night I sent Thomas L. Poindexter after my supper, and on his return he was badly wounded, and was not able to serve any more during the war. Of course I got no supper and did not know why, until I heard that Poindexter was in the hospital. We had five other men wounded by sharpshooters while we were in the Crater.

Well, our battery was moved to the right of the Crater with our own four twelve pound brass Napoleon guns. Davidson's Battery was on line next to the Crater, 373 yards from it, Otey's Battery, one of the best in our army, next, 473 yards from the Crater, and our battery next, and my section two guns were posted in a salient angle, 573 yards on the right and south of the Crater. During the battle of July 30, 1864, we completely enfiladed the enemy, charging the Crater, and after the Federals took possession of it fired shells right into them.

When the explosion took place at 4:44 A.M., I was asleep under one of my guns, and my men all around under the guns, some asleep and some watching the enemy, as they were so close we could have no picket line. We had slept in our clothes, ready, our guns double shotted with grape and canister to meet the enemy for the emergency. The explosion of the mine was terrific, causing the earth and our bombproofs to heave and stagger. I jumped up and looked down the line to the left and saw my conception of a volcano. I saw what appeared to be arms and legs and cannon all going up in the air. At that moment every gun on the Federal line opened fire at

every point along our line. Soon I saw the enemy charging the Crater in large masses, and I immediately opened with both guns with spherical case shell, and could see the effects of my shots. I could see every one burst right in among the enemy. We were only 573 yards from the Crater, just the right distance for using shells with the greatest effect, and we got the range at once. As my men were veteran artillerymen and knew how to handle our guns with such accuracy, every shell counted. As soon as the enemy saw what damage we were doing they opened upon my two guns with at least fifty cannon and mortars, and did their best to silence my two guns, but we kept up the fight, throwing shell into the Crater and at the enemy running back to their lines. Some mortar shells thrown at my guns were as large as nail kegs. I saw one coming through the air that seemed as if it was bound to come down on my two guns and men. I hallooed, "Look out!" and my sergeant, James W. Gregory, jumped in the corner of our breastworks just as the shell burst, a piece striking Gregory, who fell back in my arms badly wounded, and I had him carried to the hospital and went right on with the fight.

I was so located that I could see the charge of General Mahone's division of Virginians, Georgians, and Alabamians. The first charge was made by Mahone's Virginia Brigade and Wright's Georgia Brigade at 9 A.M. They captured part of our line to the left of the Crater, and at 1 P.M. Saunders's Alabama Brigade charged and recaptured the Crater and reestablished our line as it was originally.

I saw the eleven hundred negroes that were captured and carried to the rear. As soon as the fight ended I walked down to the Crater and witnessed the most horrible sight I ever saw. I could scarcely move without stepping on a dead man.
Well, when the explosion occurred and every gun in Grant's army opened on our thin line, a soldier every five steps, and we could see the great mass of men charging our lines at the Crater, it was enough to scare the life out of us, and it looked as if pandemonium had been turned loose on Lee's devoted heroes, but I was happy to see that every one of my men stood to his post, determined to do his whole duty, even at the sacrifice of his life.

We had at the Crater twelve twelve pound Napoleon guns, as follows: Four Wright's Virginia Battery, 555 yards to left of Crater on second line, two Davidson's Virginia Battery, 373 yards to right and south of Crater, two Ringgold's Virginia Battery, 573 yards to right and south of Crater, both batteries in front line, and four Flanner's North Carolina Battery, 533 yards in rear of Crater, and two mortar batteries, one having three mortars manned by a detail from the Otey and Ringgold Batteries under command of Sergt. A. Whit Smith, of Otey's Battery. He was assisted by R. W. Flournoy, Henry Reid, Andrew Cheatham, Henry Crockett, William Thompson, William Guerrant, Col. William Munford, Wilbur, all of Otey's Battery, and James M. Billings, Hugh Dailey, Park Emmerson, and William T. Ragsdale, of Ringgold's Battery, in working the mortars. According to the report of Federal officers, the mortar batteries got the exact range and threw their shells right into the mass of Federals occupying the Crater, killing and wounding many of them. This battery was to the right of the Crater and in the rear of front line of works and a battery of small mortars manned by Capt. J. N. Lamkin's Virginia battery on left of the Crater.

The above mentioned guns and mortars are all that took part in the battle of the Crater on the Confederate side, and they were supported by the men of Elliott's South Carolina Brigade, which escaped being blown up, and Wise's Brigade, commanded by Col. J. Thomas Goode. This small force of Confederates

166 Confederate Veteran April 1911

kept the Federals from taking Petersburg from 4:44 A.M. until 9 A.M., when Mahone's Division came and made the charge on the Federals.

The Federal official reports show that 65,000 infantry stood ready as. soon as our line was blown up to charge our lines at the Crater, and one hundred and sixty guns and mortars played upon our lines, trying to silence our guns after the explosion.

Four divisions of white troops and one division of colored troops, numbering ten or twelve thousand men, charged our line, taking a small part of it, and we killed and wounded so many Federals, it was reported to General Grant, that his other troops refused to charge, and those in our lines were withdrawn at once by his order. The Richmond Blues, of Wise's Brigade, a band of heroes in every battle in which they ever engaged, were directly behind my guns, and I felt safe and wished the Federals to charge us.

The following men served my two guns at the battle of the Crater with great coolness and bravery: First gun First Sergeant, William D. Slayton, Gunner, W. W. Hogans, No. 1, J. D. Wilkinson, No. 2, S. E. Payne, No. 3, Ed Sweeney, No. 4, Peter Pickerel, No. 5, R. A. Bennett, No. 2. Second gun Sergeant and gunner, J. W. Gregory (Sergt. S. S. Berger was present, but physically unable to take active part), Ed K. Pettit, No. 1, P. W. Ragsdale, No. 2, D. E. Bentley, No. 3, T. W. Barkesdale, No. 4, W. H. Neal, No. 5, William Jennings, No. 6, N. B. Walker, No. 7.Sergt. S. S. Berger and Capt. C. Dickenson spent the night before the battle in a bombproof a short distance in the rear of our battery, Berger being disabled from a sore leg and under treatment of a physician. Hearing and seeing the explosion, they ran quickly to their guns, Berger to my guns and Captain Dickenson to his, under the most terrific fire from cannon and musketry all along the Federal lines.

Every man under my command acted with coolness and bravery, doing his whole duty, while the bullets from the enemy's small arms and shells from their cannon and mortars were hurled against us almost as thick as hailstones in a storm. The other two guns in our battery, under Captain Dickenson, were so located that they could not participate in the battle.

When the explosion took place and our line was blown up, the lieutenant in command of Davidson's Battery from Lynchburg, becoming demoralized, ran and left his guns with a part of his men. Maj. Wade Hampton Gibbes, of South Carolina, the brave and gallant commander of our battalion, immediately repaired to Davidson's Battery, and had the only gun that bore upon the enemy advantageously worked with excellent effect until he was wounded and carried from the field. It seems from General Pendleton's report that Colonel Huger,

Captains Winthrop and Haskell, of General Alexander's staff, and Private L. T. Covington, of Pegram's blown up battery, were assisting Major Gibbes in serving the guns. Col. J. Thomas Goode, commanding Wise's Brigade, learning that Major Gibbes was wounded and of the need of skilled artillerymen to man the guns of Davidson's Battery, and having two infantry companies in his (34th Virginia) regiment who had formerly served in artillery, he at once sent Capt. Samuel D. Preston with his company (C) to take charge of Davidson's guns and relieve Lieutenant Colonel Huger and staff officers, Captains Winthrop and Haskell. Captain Preston and his men at once went to work with the guns that bore upon the enemy charging our lines, and mowed the enemy down with great slaughter, until Captain Preston was badly wounded. Colonel Goode then sent Capt. Alex F. Bagby with his company (K) to relieve Captain Preston's men. Captain Bagby and his men then served the guns with murderous effect on the Federal troops to the end of the fight. (See Brigadier General Pendleton's report to General Lee under date July 30, 1864, page 760, Volume XL., "Records War of Rebellion," official reports, also see Gen. Bushrod Johnson's report to General Lee under date of August 20, 1864, Volume XL., pages 789, 791, 792, on Crater battle, July 30, 1864. Capt. Edward Bagby, aid de camp to Colonel Goode's brigade, was killed while serving this gun.)(Lieutenant Robinson publishes as indorsing the foregoing account the names of Sergts. W. D. Slayton, James W. Gregory, S. S. Berger. It is also approved by B. Y. Fretwell, Assistant Inspector Fifth District Virginia Confederate Veterans, and Harry Wooding, Commander Cabell Graves Camp, Confederate Veterans.)

SKETCHES OF PRISON LIFE PART II.

BY REV. C. M. HUTTON, FORT WORTH.

At the close of the last article mention was made of Bunch, our color bearer, and of Lloyd, a private, who put on a surgeon's uniform on the eve of being captured, and passed for a surgeon. I met Bunch at the penitentiary dressed in a Federal captain's uniform and endeavoring then to induce men to desert and unite in making up a company. As to his success, I have no information. The morning of the day at Hoover's Gap, near Wartrace, our men spoke of the bravery of Bunch. He had obtained a gun from one of our sharpshooters and fired it several times toward men in the enemy's lines, and said he thought he had killed a man and went down to their lines to see, Evidently this was a pretext in order to communicate with them. Possibly this led to the stampede referred to when our regiment came near being cut off.

In his interview with me while in the Nashville penitentiary he candidly confessed that he had been sent among us to spy the fortifications about Mobile. He held a lieutenant's place then in one of our regiments. This regiment being ordered elsewhere, he got up a quarrel with the captain, so as to frame an excuse for a transfer to the 36th Alabama, then stationed near Mobile. We have already referred to Colonel Woodruff's making him our color bearer. Colonel Woodruff ultimately became better acquainted when Bunch stole his fine horse, Zollicoffer, and also his negro and took both into the Federal lines.As to the so called "DC." Lloyd, who had been taken to the prison hospital, I determined to see him in order to recover the little company book that Captain Carpenter had intrusted to my care. I am a firm believer in God's providence. See his wonderful leadings here! The seeking of that little book led to a place of usefulness in this way: An order reached me from the provost marshal to report at his office. I was allowed to pass through the prison door and go unguarded to this office. I felt like a bird out of a cage, yet my rejoicing was premature. Still it was a great relief to be paroled within the limits of the city, with an order to report from time to time. I asked if the prison hospital was within the lines. I was told that it was. A two mile walk brought me to it. I found it to be a brick Baptist church used as a prison and hospital. I asked the two sentinels at the door if they knew of a prisoner named "Dr." Lloyd, who had been brought there the day before. As I didn't think it right to give him away, I thus referred to him. I was told that he had just gone to see some ladies in company with Dr. Hickman, the surgeon
in charge. It occurred to me that he was all sorts of a man a prisoner one day and calling on ladies the next.

As I entered this home he greeted me politely and introduced me to the mistress of the house and then to Dr. Hickman, calling me "Chaplain Hutton, C. S. A." As soon as I was seated this lady (I regret not to recall her name) asked: "Do I understand that you are a Confederate chaplain?" I replied: "I am." "How came you here?" "I am a prisoner." "But why are you unguarded?" "I have just been paroled within the limits of the city." She then said: "I have a son in the same condition with you a prisoner in my own house, and if you will accept, I will give you a home with me for your influence over my son."

Before I could answer this lovely lady and accept her generous offer Dr. Hickman said to me: "We need a chaplain at the prison hospital. Your own men are there, sick, wounded, and dying. I will furnish you a room, give you a seat at my table and access to the bunks of the men as often as you like, and you may hold whatever services among them you like."

All this was said within five minutes after I entered, and this place was offered the second day after my arrival in prison. How else can this be explained except it was done by a divine leading Hand? I thanked the lady and told her I would do all I could for her son, but must take the Doctor's offer, it being a place of wider usefulness. Drs. Hickman and Higgins, the surgeons, provided in all respects for my comfort. I made daily visits to the sick and wounded men, supplying each bunk with a Bible, and often praying with them in their dying moments, taking messages from their lips to communicate to some bereaved wife, mother, or sister, and thus about thirty letters conveying sad messages were written after I returned within our lines. On Sundays I preached to the men, I shall never forget that during the delivery of one òof these sermons a man died.

Some interesting providences occurred during my stay. As I looked across the room one day, to my utter surprise and delight I saw Dr. George Reid, who had served as a family physician on my father's farm in Greene County, Ala. A familiar face at such a time afforded untold delight. On learning that I had been paroled within the limits of the city he invited me to his home, where I spent a night. He had married a wealthy lady, and was also engaged in a lucrative cotton business. Knowing that I had been deprived in the South of the purchase of a good pocket knife, he took me to a hardware store and asked for the finest knife they had, and bought for me one costing two dollars and a half. I met him several times afterwards. On my leaving Nashville he generously loaned me $100 with which I was enabled to supply myself with many needed articles such as could not then have been purchased in the South, among which was a cloth suit in which I was subsequently married. Letters of introduction from him were of service in Louisville and Cincinnati.

Another incident of God's providence was an acquaintance with Mrs, M. L. Cartwright, at that time a Catholic and a member of the Church served by a priest named Rosecrans, a brother of the Federal general. This gave Mrs. Cartwright great influence, and, being a warm Southern sympathizer, she often provided clothing and other needed articles for our suffering prisoners. Dr. Hickman gave her free and constant access to the prison hospital for this purpose. Learning that I was a paroled haplain, she entertained me one day at her home at dinner.

A very singular circumstance just At the close of the war I owned some real estate in Birmingham, Ala. An unknown man named Cartwright became associated with my agent. When this Cartwright was visiting his brother in Nashville, he saw this card upon the wall of his brother's parlor. He wrote me inquiring if I had printed it, and stated further that his mother was then in heaven, and that this little card was the only remaining souvenir they had of her association with Southern soldiers and that she had become a Presbyterian, her funeral being preached by Dr. McNeilly. At the Reunion of the veterans at Birmingham in 1908 a cordial greeting was extended by the two sons and daughter of Mrs. M. L. Cartwright, and I accepted invitations to their homes, and especially to one that I might see again that little card placed upon the wall and adorned with flags, a precious keepsake of their departed mother.

Two other ladies (Germans), Mrs. Kossuth and her sister, Mrs. Tovell, Southern sympathizers, also supplied our soldiers with clothing and delicacies for the sick at the prison hospital. A very striking providence in the case of Mrs. Tovell will be reserved for our next article.

HAPPY CAL WAGNER DEFIED "CIVIL RIGHTS."

MEMORABLE INCIDENT OF 1875 AT MONTGOMERY.

When the noted Sumner civil rights bill was passed by Congress soon after the Civil War, every one of that time remembers the effect it had on good old Alabama, which had been cursed and scourged by ignorant members of her legislature, which was composed of negroes and carpet baggers.

On March 11, 1875, Wagner's Minstrels appeared in Montgomery. The negroes, backed up by this obnoxious bill, tried to exercise what they claimed were "their rights" by taking seats in theaters and trains alongside the whites. On this occasion they passed the word that they would buy seats in the theater with the whites, when heretofore they had always been excluded to the gallery. Wagner's agent had instructions not to sell tickets to negroes anywhere but for the gallery, but by some chicanery they got tickets in the dress circle among Montgomery's fairest daughters. The question then was how to remove them without frightening the ladies. When the curtain went up, the company marched in and took their seats for the overture, Wagner sitting on the end with tambourine in hand. Casting his eyes over the audience, he saw the negroes in the dress circle, and knew at once this would never do, so he put down his tambourine, advanced to the footlights, and announced that there were negroes in the dress circle and they would please vacate and go to the gallery, where they would find good seats, and the performance would commence. Well, you could have heard a pin fall, Southern men stood with bated breath ready to back Wagner. The negroes did not move. A game of bluff, but it did not count in that game. Wagner waited patiently, still the negroes made no move to vacate. Wagner left the stage and return ed quickly with pistols in hand, saying to the whites: "Ladies and gentlemen, stand aside, I will clear the dress circle of those colored gents." Pandemonium reigned, men were on their feet instantly, and the negroes went out of that dress circle, kicked and cuffed, and made a hasty retreat to the street. The performance then commenced, and much praise was given "Happy Cal."

Next day trouble commenced for Wagner, as negroes commenced swearing out warrants for Wagner before the United States Commissioner. N. S. McAfee, of Talladega, was United States District Attorney and Capt. J. W. Dimmick was United States Commissioner, Wagner and his agent, Brown, were ably defended by Col. H. A.Herbert, Col. Tucker Sayre, Col. Virgil Murphy, Judge David Clopton, all volunteering their services, and Colonel Herbert making a telling speech on the unconstitutionality of the civil rights bill. The commissioner held with the attorney, and refused to issue any more warrants. Then the negroes swore out more warrants before another commissioner, Barber by name. This threw Montgomery into a state of excitement. Men with stern faces and determination promised to back Wagner and see this thing through, the streets were crowded with both negroes and whites, expecting trouble any moment. Cal Wagner was in Col. Tucker Sayre's office, which was over Blount Weatherly's drug store, facing Court Square. He was surrounded by his friends, who were considering how to get him out of the city before the United States marshals could serve other warrants on him. Dr. Walter Jackson, who was in the drug store at the time, was called into the office to consult with them. His buggy and fast horse were standing in front of the drug store. When asked if he could not get Wagner out of the city quick, he replied: "Yes, I can get him away with lightning speed." "Well, what is your plan?"

He replied: "Wagner, you walk down the steps and get into my buggy and drive to the corner of Lee and Montgomery Streets. I will walk up there and get in and take you over to Cad Beale, and he will run you out of town on an engine."

Cad Beale was then master mechanic of the south and north division of the L. & N. at Montgomery. Sayre said: "Tell Cad to get him out quick." The negroes tried to flank Dr. Jackson's movements, though with a fast horse he dodged them, skirted the city, and made the shops in the northern part, where Cad was, and the story was quickly told to him. No sooner said than he was to the rescue. One of his switch engines was standing there, and he said: "Jump up quick, Mr. Wagner." Beale sprang to the throttle and was gone with Wagner, leaving Dr. Jackson on the ground in consternation.

Beale took Wagner across the Alabama River, which is five miles north of Montgomery, and left him with the bridge keeper, Smith. He then returned to Montgomery to get the company and baggage. The baggage was piled at the old depot of the Montgomery and West Point Railroad, on North Court Street. He took a box car and loaded the baggage, and while doing so the negroes asked him what he was going to do with it. He replied that the streets were so muddy they could not haul it, so he was going to take it across the commons to the foot of Commerce Street, where they would unload, as they were going to perform in the city that night. In the meantime he had sent a messenger to Mr. Marsden, Wagner's manager, and the attorneys to have the band and company parade and march down Commerce Street, where he would be with coach, baggage car, and engine, and for the company to enter the coach, and at a given signal he would run away with them, which was most successfully accomplished, leaving a gang of negroes gaping at the dare devil act.

Before leaving the city limits with the train another obstacle presented itself. One of the company crawled over the box car and told Beale that an officer was in the coach. But Beale was ready for the emergency. He stopped his engine, walked back to the coach, and said to Marsden: "Count your men. This is a chartered train, and no one allowed except this company." In counting them Marsden came to a deputy United

States marshal by the name of Williford, who was looking for Wagner, and said this man did not belong to the company, so Beale told Williford he would have to get off. He refused to do so, and Beale called two of his assistants in yard service under him, Dennis O'Connor and William Bennett, and ordered them to take Williford off, but not to hurt him. The latter exposed his pistols, but Bennett and O'Connor laughed at him, and said: "Partner, come, get off without any trouble, as you might get hurt if you raise those coat tails too high, some one might kick them off." He was ejected from the train, at the same time notifying Beale that he would attend to him when he returned to Montgomery, and Beale laughinly told him that he "would dine there to morrow." It was then between 5 and 6 P.M. Away sped Beale with the minstrels, picking up Wagner at the bridge. Stopping at Elmore, he had the train dispatcher at Birmingham wired to close all telegraph offices on the line and to give him a clear track to Decatur.

Not knowing the road, he was flying with the engine in darkness, downhill and around curves, all the time looking for Sand Mountain, which was a very steep grade with the fall toward Decatur, when, Wagner, who was riding in the cab with him, sitting on the opposite side, came over to him, saying: "Mr. Beale, let me ride on your side a while, as my side is running much faster than yours."

This run was made in the dark with a locomotive with 15inch cylinders and 4 1/2 foot drivers, and the one hundred and eighty six miles were made in five hours and forty five minutes, and water was taken at water tanks between stations.

This run and race is often spoken of in Alabama as the "Wagner Race for Civil Rights." Wagner has since left the minstrels. He is still living, and is an assistant passenger agent of the Northern Pacific in the Far West. Capt. J. W. Dimmick, Dr. Walter Jackson, and C. H. Beale still reside in Montgomery, and Col. H, A. Herbert, ex Secretary of the Navy, resides in Washington, while Clopton, Sayre, and Murphy have passed over the river.

MEMORIAL TO AUNT DYKE BIBB.

BY C. L. TAYLOR, MONTGOMERY. Life flows on, yet each year finds us

Life flows on, yet each year finds us

With heads bowed, hearts full of pain,

Living over the dull anguish

Of a cause fought for in vain

Fought for, bled for, died for, lived for

And no words cane'er express

All the bitterness and sorrow

That the "living for" has left.

That a haughty foe should threaten

To chastise by war's dread hand

After having forced an issue

Upon which the South must stand

Was far more than we could harbor,

Was too much for us to brook,

And with eager hearts men gathered

From each town and inglenook.

Can't you see them, you who cheered them

As they marched down through the street

With our flag so proudly waving?

God, how madly pulses beat

How you screamed and sobbed with rapture,

How you prayed with streaming eyes

That those dear ones soon returning

Would bring back the victor's prize

169 Confederate Veteran April 1911

For a cause so grand, so glorious

Could not suffer a defeat.

God and man together surely

Would bring victory complete.

How the days dragged, leaden footed

So it seemed to those who prayed

For a few words, just a message,

To hearts sick with hope delayed.

Well, it came. Glad hearts were throbbing,

For 'twas victory. Don't you hear

From the far off past bells ringing

And the cheering, cheer on cheer?

It was over. We had shown them

Just how vain the effort was

To insult freemen and to trample

On an infant nation's cause.

But the days passed till they lengthened

Into frenzied, bleeding years,

Filled, pressed down, and running over

With a people's blood and tears.

It was brief, our pride and glory.

In our mad dash for our own

We had given all too freely

Some fair flower from every home.

Sent them forth to fight and conquer,

Loyal men they were and strong,

But the bloody lust of battle

Urged them madly on and on

Till they rushed, crazed, demon driven

By wild passions into hell,

Where they fought dry lipped and panting,

Fought and died 'mid shot and shell.

On yon hillside they are sleeping,

Life they gave in fierce delight.

Thank God that they passed unknowing

That their sunlight was our night,

For 'twas night that closed about us.

We could see no glimpse of dawn

Through the deep Numidian darkness

'Twixt us and the future drawn.

They are gone, and from the ashes

Of the dead hopes of the past

There has risen a sacred duty

That will live while memories last,

And the "old guard's" trembling fingers

Place upon each comrade's grave

Flowers a grateful people' gather

And the flag they died to save.

And the "Old Guard" is passing

All too surely one by one.

Grim death with relentless gleaning

Takes them to their last long home,

There they meet, the struggle ended,

And God calls the roll above,

While the living, memory laden,

Dedicate this day to love.(The Bibb home in Montgomery may be regarded as the most distinctively Confederate of any, and the last entertainment in it by Mrs. Bibb to the Alabama U. D. C. will be fondly remembered even by the Children of the Confederacy, who were given special consideration at the time.)

FIGHT TO FINISH NEAR LAKE VILLAGE, ARK.

BY WEED MARSHALL, MAYVIEW, MO.

I have seen in the VETERAN reports of fights in a small way during the Civil War, stating that they were the most destructive and fatal of the war. I report one for the list.

On February 2, 1864, Capt. Tuck Thorp, of Company E, Elliot's Battalion, of Joe Shelby's brigade, had a detail of twenty four men and went to Lake Village, Chicot County, Ark. Two of the twenty four were sent back.

On the 14th, Valentine Day, a citizen came to Captain Thorp and told him that the Federals from Vicksburg had come up the river to the Tecumseh plantation, belonging to Joe Johnson, of Indian War fame, after forage. As we were well armed and half bushwhackers anyway, Captain Thorp told us of the situation and left us to vote "go" or "no." "Go" every fellow voted. He told us that if any man did not want to go he need not, but if he went he was expected to take care of himself after the fight commenced.

There were three quarters on the plantation. We did not know the Yankees were at but one. We had to go by a gin house and negro quarters to get to the place from which they were hauling corn. We went two or three miles through canebrakes, then came to a blind road in the woods, and the next we knew we were at a fence with a big gate, with a cotton gin to the right and a cotton platform just in front, A Yankee soldier standing on the platform fired at us. Instantly Dan Ingram, Weed Marshall, and Pat Marshall fired at him, all shots missing. He went through the doorway into the gin house. They then ran out into the cabin yard, formed in line, and every one of them, thirty two in number, fired at once with Austrian rifles.

Just at this moment Ben Krigler, an old, thoughtful soul, had opened the gate, and Capt. Tuck Thorp, Weed Marshall, Dan Ingram, Pat Marshall, and Dave Hammond cleared the gate, all others following close up. We drew our Colt navies and dragons, with which every man was well supplied. The enemy started to run just the thing they should not have done. In two minutes after clearing the gate not a Yankee was alive. Not satisfied with the work done by our pistols, we took their own guns, the Austrian rifles with four square bayonets, and pinned each one to the ground.

As stated, there were thirty two of them and twenty two of us. This account may be verified by any survivors of the following citizens fine Southern people who lived there then: Joe and Lycurgus Johnson, their sister, Mrs. Julia Johnson, widow of Governor Johnson, of Louisiana, her niece, Miss Linsie Adams, Miss Amy Goodloe, afterwards Mrs. Josh Kregg, Misses Ella and Mollie Russell, and John and Charles Sanders, of Lake Village, These are the names and residences of my comrades who engaged in the fight: Capt. Tuck Thorp and Tom Thorp, dead, Alex and Len Patterson, Odessa, Mo., Weed Marshall, Mayview, Mo., Pat Marshall, Odessa, Mo., Dick Krigler, Sedalia, Mo., Ben Krigler, address unknown, Dan Ingram and Dan Franklin, dead, Phil Gatewood, Lake Village, Ark, Tom Butler, dead, Levy Nichols, Denver, Colo., Art Whitsett, Holden, Mo., David Hammonds, Paris, Tex., Jesse Jobe, Eudora, Ark., James Kincheloe, Pleasant Hicklin, and Bill Wayman, Odessa, Mo., James McElroy, Neosho, Mo., James Ward and Nick Coyl, dead.

Every soldier did his part well. All were Missourians and one thousand miles from home. "God bless them." We never had a man or horse scratched. A saber captured was inscribed: "Presented by Friends to Thaddeus K. Cock, 1st Mississippi Regiment, for Bravery."

CONFEDERATE MONUMENT AT HENDERSON, N. C.

The beautiful monument erected at Henderson, N. C., under the auspices of the Vance County Chapter. U. D. C., in honor of the Confederate dead of Vance County, was dedicated on November 10, 1910. The occasion made a great day for Henderson, and there were many interested spectators to witness the unveiling. The procession was made up of vehicles of every kind filled with members of the U. D. C. and others, marshals on horseback, many persons afoot, school children with their teachers, some six hundred strong, the Confederate veterans, about one hundred and fifty, under Capt. J. T. Hoover, Commander of Henry L. Wyatt Camp, the Vance Guards of the 3d North Carolina Regiment, bands of music and flying colors. The parade moved to the courthouse, and there the crowd assembled about the speakers' stand, on which were seated those taking prominent part in the exercises. Two persons occupying seats of honor were granite from quarries On the face side of Mrs. Junius Daniel, widow of the gallant General Daniel, of Works, and his work Halifax, whose life was a sacrifice on the field of battle, and Capt. Orren Randolph Smith, of Henderson, who was presented to the assemblage as a veteran of three wars, author of the inscription on the monument, and designer of the Confederate flag, the "Stars and Bars." Mayor Henry T. Howell was master of ceremonies, and after the opening exercises, the monument was unveiled by Miss Elizabeth Renfroe Cooper, the little five year old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Cooper, of Henderson. Addresses followed the unveiling, with special musical selections, and at the conclusion "Carolina" was sung, that song dear to the heart of every "Tarheel." A bountiful repast was then enjoyed by all, and the impromptu responses to the toasts offered kept the banqueters in good humor and laughter.

The speakers of the occasion were Hon. William Walton Kitchin, Governor of North Carolina, and Gen. Julian S. Carr, both loyal and patriotic sons of the Old North State. It is well known that General Carr has done much for the Confederate cause in the Old North State, and yet in extent it exceeds by far what many people imagine.

The monument is thirty five feet high. The bronze image of a Confederate soldier, rifle in hand, surmounts the granite shaft, the position of the soldier being that of "present arms." A blanket is thrown over the right shoulder and strapped at the left side, and a knapsack is on the back. The whole presents an imposing, lifelike figure. The cost of the monument was $31630.10. The contract was with Mr. A. S. Blount, of the Suffolk Marble was well done. The material is gray in Warren County, near Wise, N. C. the monument engraved on the first die above the base is this inscription, written by Capt. Orren Randolph Smith: "Our Confederate dead peace to their ashes, honor to their memory, glory to their cause."

On the second die above is a fine representation of the Confederate flag, the Stars and Bars.

There are four granite blocks on the foundation proper, these drawn in toward the top, taking the form of steps, then the base on which the first die of the main shaft of the column rests. On the face side of this base in raised figures "1861 1865" stands out in bold relief. On the reverse side of the monument is inscribed: "Vance County Chapter, U. D. C., Nov. 10, 1910."

On the last die, at the top just below the cap which forms a pedestal for the soldier, on each of the four sides are the letters in raised form, "C. S. A."

A bronze tablet bears the names of the monument committee as follows: "Mesdames S. P. Cooper (President), J. T. Alderman (Secretary), M. J. O'Neil (Treasurer), J. H. Bridgers, C. M. Cooper, C. A. Lewis, W. O. Shannon, W. B. Waddill, A. C. Zollicoffer."

The report of a local paper states: "Altogether it is a very handsome monument, beautiful in design, symmetrical in proportions, of which all have just cause to be proud."

CLOSE FIGHTING AT IUKA, MISS.

BY W. P. HELM, WARRENTON, VA.

Footsore, hungry, ill clad, we marched into Iuka, Miss., where Rosecrans, with his well fed army, had been luxuriating in the blessings from the cornucopia of plenty. As our army, under Gen. Sterling Price, advanced, the Northern forces retreated, and the tales of horror, of insults to women, and indignities shown the men by the Yankee army were such as to get us wrought up almost to frenzy. In luka we found commissary stores such as the Confederates had never dreamed of. Abundance for the time revived us.

Iuka Springs was a summer resort. Its beautiful pavilions shading its refreshing springs made it a paradise to our wearied soldiers, but it was not destined that the wayworn Confederates should long enjoy the happiness it afforded. Suddenly the cry was taken up: "Rosecrans has received reenforcements and is advancing near the village."

I was a member of Company I, 3d Texas Cavalry, and was acting commissary of the regiment. Our horses were broken down and had been sent to Holly Springs to rest and graze, and the 3d Texas had been drilled as infantry. We were ordered to "quick trot" to the front, and when a mile or so from the town, General Price ordered our colonel to advance his regiment a mile farther, as there was no enemy in sight, and then deploy his men as skirmishers. We had gone but a short distance and were down in a valley between the hills, when suddenly about one hundred and fifty yards in front of us nine cannons, supported by a brigade of infantry, opened on us with ball and grape. I can never forget that moment it came like lightning from a clear sky. The roaring of artillery, the rattle of musketry, the hailstorm of grape and ball were mowing us down like grain before we could locate from whence it came. We were trapped, there could be no retreat, and certain death was in our advance. We fell prostrate on the ground. Captain Green, of Company I, arose on his knees, and as he said, "Steady, boys, steady," he was decapitated by a cannon ball. Lieutenant Ingram arose to stop one of the men from retreating, and he and the private were both cut in two with grape shot. Our ranks were shattered in the twinkling of an eye.

Our eyes were directed by the flash of cannon to the hill, about hundred and fifty yards distant. We dared not retreat, for it meant certain death, as our exposure would be complete. The hill before us and the one back of us were very steep. Out of the forty two men of Company I, twenty seven were killed or wounded, and nearly every one of the field officers was slain or wounded. As we advanced toward their artillery, vainly hoping for support from our army, we secured as best we could positions behind trees. I got behind a log, and Lieut. Alf Hunt was next to me. From these positions our men shot their gunners, the hill being so steep that they could not properly train their guns upon us. We still hoped for help, but General Whitfield's raw troops, sent to our relief, from our proximity to the Federals, mistook us for the foe and fired into us. Lieutenant Hunt was among those wounded by them. Seeing only certain death between friend and foe, order was given: "Boys, if we are to die, let it be by Yankee bullets, not by our friends. So let us charge the cannon." The reply was a shout as we leaped forward. I shall never forget what happened next. Rogers, of Jefferson, Tex., was first to reach the battery and killed his man, but was himself wounded. Sword and bayonet were crossed. Muskets, revolvers, knives, ramrods, gun swabs all mingled in the death dealing fray. All the furies of torment seemed turned loose in that smoke blinding boom of cannon and rattle of musketry. The nine cannons had been disabled and carriages destroyed, the horses were shot and mangled, and our little band of martyrs (for they were not less) were being overcome by superior force, when our brave Gen. Louis Hebert, of Louisiana, attacked the enemy on the flank and routed them. Of the little band of Confederates, only about sixty were left on the hill, and these then wheeled around to their right and captured the 1st Iowa Regiment. Victory perched on our banners, but it was won at a terrible price. Our shattered ranks measured our sadness and sorrow, and many hearts were to bleed and many firesides be bereft of happiness by that day's fighting.

Under cover of night the two armies lay on their arms only a short distance apart, and as the cry for "Water, water, only a drop of water!" came from the dying and the wounded, some humane soldier, forgetting the foe, would attempt to pass the canteen, but the crack of the musket would warn him to keep close. The next day we retreated, and victory was reversed. This is war, not exaggerated by Sherman's description.

FAREWELL ADDRESS OF GEN. JOE WHEELER.

HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY CORPS, April 29, 1865.

Gallant Comrades: You have fought your fight, your task is done. During a four years' struggle for freedom you have exhibited courage, fortitude, and devotion. You are the sole victors of more than two hundred sternly contested fields, you have participated in more than a thousand conflicts of arms, you are heroes, veterans, patriots. The bones of your comrades mark battlefields upon the soil of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. You have done all that human exertion could accomplish. In bidding you adieu I desire to tender my thanks for your gallantry in battle, your fortitude under suffering, your devotion at all times to the holy cause you have done so much to maintain. I desire also to express my gratitude for the kind feeling you have seen fit to extend toward myself and to invoke upon you blessings of our Heavenly Father, to whom we must always look for support in the hour of distress. Brothers in the cause of freedom, comrades in arms, I bid you farewell.

Confederate Veteran April 1911

GEN. WILBUR HILL KING.

BY MAJ. L. T. WHEELER, CORSICANA, TEX.

Gen. Wilbur H. King was born at Culloden, Ga., June 10, 1839, and died at Sulphur Springs, Tex., October 12, 1910.

On his maternal side General King was a descendant of a noted family of Scotland named Douglas and of the McLarn family of Ireland. His ancestors came to America and settled in Mecklenburg County, N. C., before the Revolution, and some of them were distinguished soldiers in the army of the Revolution. General King was well educated at a time when Southern knighthood was in flower, inheriting the instincts of chivalry and Southern manhood of the Old South in its palmy days. He was by profession a lawyer.

At the beginning of the Civil War Wilbur King was prospecting in Warrensburg, Mo., and in February, 1861, he was sworn into the service of that State. He was soon made a sergeant, then a lieutenant, and then a captain in the 3d Regiment of Missouri State troops, commanded by Col. E. V. Hurst. Senator Frank M. Cockrell commanded a company in this regiment. Captain King was in all the early battles and engagements in that State, and was seriously wounded in the battle of Oak Hill.

The Missouri troops, having failed to get service in the Confederate States army, after full consultation with General Price, Captain King resigned and went to Texas. At that time the 18th Texas Infantry was being organized at Jeffersota, Tex. He entered the ranks as a private, and on its organization, May 13, 1862, W. B. Ochiltree was elected colonel, David R, Culberson lieutenant colonel, and W. H. King major. Soon thereafter the regiment was ordered to report to Gen. H. E. McCulloch, then at Camp Nelson, near White River, Ark., and then was organized that splendid division commanded by Maj. Gen. John G. Walker, and known to the close of the war as "Walker's Foot Cavalry."

In the fall of 1863 this division was ordered to South Louisiana, west of New Orleans, where was organized the little army that was to oppose Banks's march to Texas. It was composed of Walker's Division Texas Infantry, Gen. Tom Green's Texas cavalry, and some Louisiana infantry under command of Gen. Richard Taylor. Early in the year 1864 General Banks, after being heavily reenforced from both Grant and Sherman, began his preparations for the march to Texas.

In the meantime General King had been regularly promoted to lieutenant colonel and then to colonel of the 18th Texas. Soon General' Taylor was confronted by a full army corps commanded by Major General Franklin, of the Federal army. The first important engagement was at Thibodeauxville, below Opelousas. This was a serious fight, lasting three hours, with heavy and close fighting, in which the 18th Texas, under Colonel King, lost forty per cent killed and wounded. It had five of its flag bearers shot down and the eyes of a sixth shot out, yet its colors never touched the ground. Colonel King always fought at close range.

After several lighter engagements, the retreat to Mansfield, nearly two hundred miles north, began. This small force disputed and fought persistently from South Louisiana to Mansfield, while Banks, with five full army corps, his right flanked and guarded by Commodore Porter's fleet of ironclads in Red River, pressed the small force for many weary days. Modern history never disclosed greater military ability, more fidelity to duty, or truer courage than was exhibited by this small force on this retreat.

Having reached Mansfield, the men clamored for a fight, and, having received considerable reenforcements. General Taylor without orders gave battle.

The morning of April 8, 1864, opened clear and beautiful, and found General Taylor with all his dispositions made for battle. The battle opened early in the morning, and from the first onset the Confederates were successful. Officers and men did their whole duty, each man fighting as if the whole responsibility of the battle rested on him personally. The battle, with Colonel King on the field, was closed by darkness. His flesh was torn and bleeding, while, if possible, his bright eyes glistened brighter than in the beginning of the battle, and his blood stained clothing showed that he too had done his whole duty even in the thick of the fray. Colonel King was taken from the field to the hospital, being too severely wounded to take part in the next day's battle at Pleasant Hill.

Ten days afterwards a commission as brigadier general was sent to him while still in the hospital. Thus in three years he rose from a private, and that in an army where he was a stranger and without social or military influence. He accomplished this by military skill, courage, and hard fighting.

After his wound was sufficiently healed, he alternately commanded General Polignac's brigade and a brigade in Walker's Division, and finally commanded the latter division to the close of the war.

Soon thereafter General King with a party of distinguished Confederate officers went on a tour of observation to Mexico, where he was received by the President. From Mexico he went to Central America and purchased a sugar plantation.

Returning to New Orleans, he met and married Miss Lucy Furman, of that city. He took his young bride with him to Central America and settled down to the ordinary duties of civil life, but in less than a year he returned to New Orleans with his dead wife and infant for burial in her native city. Ever afterwards there was a shadow on his brow which faded only with the close of life's struggle. He never remarried.After settling his Central American affairs, General King returned to Texas and located at Sulphur Springs. He afterwards represented Hopkins County in the legislature for two terms. He was Adjutant General under both Governors Roberts and Ross, and served nearly ten years. During the incumbency of this office he made a hard campaign on the Rio Grande against Mexicans and outlaws, finally driving them out and restoring peace to that distracted territory.

Thus ended General Kings active public life, and he retired to his home and devoted himself to private affairs, though he never lost interest in public affairs or in the prosperity of his country.

General King was a devoted Church member and a Mason of high degree, giving much time to that order by traveling through the State lecturing and instructing his brethren in its mysteries. His health gave way about three months previous to his death, and he retired to his home at Sulphur Springs, and there quietly and peacefully surrendered to a foe that neither courage nor skill could overcome. His remains were taken to Corsicana, escorted by his home lodge, and there met by a guard of honor from Camp Winkler, U. C. V., and the Masonic orders of the city, and conveyed to the residence of Mr. Scott Bagby, a relative, where the funeral services were conducted, and on October 13 the body of this distinguished soldier and citizen was consigned to the grave with Masonic honors.

General King's character was not a negative one which made no enemies and left no impress upon the era in which he lived, but he was a man of strongly developed characteristics, an independent thinker, and a broad gauged patriot.

From plume to spur a cavalier, Whose soul ne'er parleyed with fear, Nor cheek bore tinge of shame.
SOLDIERING IN GEORGIA IN 1864.

BY C. F. KOHLHEIM, CAPTAIN CO. G, 11TH MISS. CAVALRY. Just after having engaged in the battles of Lee's Farm and Harrisburg, Miss., we were ordered to take a train for Georgia at Verona. A portion of this journey was accomplished by boat on the Alabama River. Thence we marched through that part of Alabama where Rousseau in his raid had destroyed the railroad and through the towns of Loachapoka and Notasulga. To cavalrymen this march was a trying hardship. Our brigade arrived in Atlanta in time to participate in the severe battle of July 28 with Walthall's Division. We remained there in the trenches for thirty days, until the evacuation, when an all night march took us to Jonesboro, where we were assigned to Cleburne's Division. In the battle that afternoon our brigade held an even line on the advance with those noble veterans of that famous division.

I had a more extended view of this battle than usually comes to one in the lines. I saw Granbury's Texas Brigade capture a battery. They were on our right, while still farther on were Govan's Arkansas and Lowery's Mississippi Brigades. During this charge a boy in our ranks, Campbell McCord, of Corinth, fifteen or sixteen years old, with gun in hand, attracted my attention by jumping up and exclaiming: "We are whipping them!"

The next day we marched to Griffin. While getting on a train there young Campbell, of my company, saw us from the hospital and came to us. One of his arms had been amputated near the shoulder for a wound received on July 28. Three other members of my company lost their arms. One of these is now my neighbor. Campbell was assisted to the top of a car to return, as we thought, to Mississippi, but at Montgomery, Ala., our horse holders met us with our horses, and we were ordered back to Georgia.

This time we were assigned to outpost duty with Hood's army on his march to Tennessee. For some distance his route ran parallel with the Western and Atlantic Railroad. There were many picket fights along this line. At Powder Springs five companies were deployed on a skirmish line, and the firing was heavy near the residence of Mr. Linley, and we were ordered to fall back to our artillery. At this moment a shell from a Federal battery, struck the house. Two young ladies, sisters, came out, one of whom impressed me as being particularly beautiful. I directed them to walk in our front, so as to be protected as much as possible from the bullets that were whizzing by from our rear and occasionally knocking up the dirt. No one was hurt in the fall back. The Federals advanced as far as the Linley house, but were driven back. One of them was killed in the yard and another near the front gate. Maj. George Bynum, of the 9th Mississippi Cavalry, now living in Corinth, was also wounded there. A very heavy rain fell just after this engagement. Soon after the rain subsided there was an artillery duel in which the Federals were worsted.

Just after dark that night I was placed in command of five companies from the brigade and ordered to report to Major Whitfield, of General Ross's staff. He, with a large body of men, was in a church on the outskirts of the village. I found him to be a very accomplished gentleman. He directed me to establish heavy outposts at the Linley house. I spent the night there in the yard.

Many years after this incident I was in Marietta, which is only a few miles from Powder Springs. In telling Mr. Saxton Anderson about these happenings I expressed an interest in knowing the fate of the young ladies, especially the one that I had thought so beautiful. He made no reply further than to say: "I would like to have you meet my wife." She remembered me after we were introduced. I suggested that she write her recollections of that dismal 1st of October, 1864, but she declined, saying: "The present generation feel no interest in our suffering in those days."

While in the trenches at Atlanta we suffered greatly for food. One very short meal about the middle of the afternoon was all we had. At night amid exploding shells and passing bullets in our dreams we saw well loaded tables and tempting viands that we could not reach.

On July 28 our losses were very heavy. My company was the only one in the regiment that did not lose a life. Captain Carpenter, our senior captain, was killed. There also died on the field that day Col. Thomas W. Ham, who was in command of the brigade when wounded. Capt. James M. Payne, one of our staff officers, assisted him from the field with much of poor Tom's blood on his clothing. Although Tom Ham was some years older than myself, we were schoolmates at Euclid Academy, located in the pine hills of eastern Tishomingo County, and conducted by Mr. E. W. Carmack, an uncle of the noted orator of Tennessee. There were about forty boys in attendance. Most of them became captains and lieutenants in the army. Tom Ham's fate was shared by many of these boys. Bones of Euclid Academy boys are now resting on battlefields from Pennsylvania to the Mississippi and a few in Trans Mississippi soil. I know of but two of them besides myself now living Peter Nash, of Booneville, who has gone all these years on crutches over the country he so bravely defended, and McDougal, of Tishomingo County, whom I saw at the State Reunion in Greenwood.
Just after dark that night I was placed in command of five companies from the brigade and ordered to report to Major Whitfield, of General Ross's staff. He, with a large body of men, was in a church on the outskirts of the village. I found him to be a very accomplished gentleman. He directed me to establish heavy outposts at the Linley house. I spent the night there in the yard.

Many years after this incident I was in Marietta, which is only a few miles from Powder Springs. In telling Mr. Saxton Anderson about these happenings I expressed an interest in knowing the fate of the young ladies, especially the one that I had thought so beautiful. He made no reply further than to say: "I would like to have you meet my wife." She remembered me after we were introduced. I suggested that she write her recollections of that dismal 1st of October, 1864, but she declined, saying: "The present generation feel no interest in our suffering in those days."

While in the trenches at Atlanta we suffered greatly for food. One very short meal about the middle of the afternoon was all we had. At night amid exploding shells and passing bullets in our dreams we saw well loaded tables and tempting viands that we could not reach.

On July 28 our losses were very heavy. My company was the only one in the regiment that did not lose a life. Captain Carpenter, our senior captain, was killed. There also died on the field that day Col. Thomas W. Ham, who was in command of the brigade when wounded. Capt. James M. Payne, one of our staff officers, assisted him from the field with much of poor Tom's blood on his clothing. Although Tom Ham was some years older than myself, we were schoolmates at Euclid Academy, located in the pine hills of eastern Tishomingo County, and conducted by Mr. E. W. Carmack, an uncle of the noted orator of Tennessee. There were about forty boys in attendance. Most of them became captains and lieutenants in the army. Tom Ham's fate was shared by many of these boys. Bones of Euclid Academy boys are now resting on battlefields from Pennsylvania to the Mississippi and a few in Trans Mississippi soil. I know of but two of them besides myself now living Peter Nash, of Booneville, who has gone all these years on crutches over the country he so bravely defended, and McDougal, of Tishomingo County, whom I saw at the State Reunion in Greenwood.

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