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1919 Farm Journal
Illustrated Rural Directory Of |
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By Holice, Clayton, and Debbie |
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HOW TO HAVE GOOD ROADS The construction and maintenance of earth roads is a vital topic in every rural community. The most practical and successful system is that which originated with Mr. D. Ward King, and which is now in general use all over the country. The keynote, or basis, of Mr. King's system is a simply-made road drag, fashioned from a split log about eight feet long, with the two parts about two and one-half feet apart. Any farmer can make on of these drags for himself, at the cost of a dollar or so--or less. Speaking of this system, the Iowa Highway commission says in a bulletin issued by the engineering department of Iowa State College: "Water is the foe of good earth roads, and the whole object of earth road construction and maintenance is to get rid of the water and its bad effects. Three systems of drainage are needed: "First, Tile or Sub-drainage. Wherever the soil is naturally wet from ground water, a line of four-inch tile should b e laid to a regular grade longitudinally along the uphill side of the road, under the side ditch, at a depth of three or four feet. "Second, Side Ditches. A good, big, side ditch, built to a continuous grade as determined by a road level, so that the water will not stand in it at any point, should be provided on each side of the road. the road level should be used to make sure that the ditch is built to a grade which will not leave ponds of water in the ditches after rains. "Third, Surface Drainage. Proper surface drainage, to shed the water promptly into the side ditches, should be provided by properly crowning the road, and by then keeping it hard and smooth with a King road drag. This drag is the cheapest instrument we have found for this purpose. The annual cost per mile of road treated with the King road drag, where all the time has been paid for by the hour, has not been found to exceed $2.50 to $3.00. "We advise farmers to start using the drag without waiting for the road officials to take it up. They will be well repaid for their trouble by the saving of time and expense in using the roads, and the increase in value of their land, due to a good road in front of it. "We also advise road officers to adopt the road drag, and to provide farmers with free materials to make them, and to hire the roads dragged where the farmers to not themselves undertake the work. There is no possible use of the road funds known to us which will yield such great returns for so small an outlay. In fact, the outlay will be more than saved by the lessened need for the big road grader, with its great cost of operation. "Gravel roads, when cut up an inch or two deep in continued wet weather, should be gone over at such times with a King drag, the same as an earth road." The correct method of using the King drag is about as follows: Begin operations at once, and do not entirely abandon the work except when ground is solidly frozen. A few minutes' or hours' work, now and then, is better than a week's work all at once. After each rain or wet spell drive up one wheel track and back on the other at least once, with the drag in position to throw the earth to the center. Ride on the drag. Hal at an angle, of 45 degrees. Lay boards on the dray to stand on. Gradually widen the strip dragged as the road improves. To round up the road better, plow a shallow furrow occasionally, each side of the dragged strip, and spread the loose dirt toward the center. Thus the road gradually becomes smooth, hard, and almost impervious to water. Rains runoff the rounded roadbed, like water from a duck's back. By using the drag when the road is muddy (as advised) the earth packs and cements itself into a hard and nearly waterproof surface. And that is the idea, in a nutshell. 'Tis plain to see that if water can find no place to stand, no chuck-holes or ruts can develop. FARMERS' BULLETINS. Sent Free to Residents of the United States, by Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., on Application. NOTE.--Some numbers omitted are no longer published. Bulletins in this list will be send free, so long as the supply lasts, to any resident of the United States, on application to his Senator, Representative, or Delegate to congress, or, to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Because of the limited supply, applicants are urged to select only a few numbers, choosing those which are of special interest to them. Residents of foreign countries should apply to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., who has these bulletins for sale. Price, 5 cents each to Canada, Cuba, and Mexico; 6 cents to other foreign countries. |
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22. the Feeding of Farm Animals |
331. Forage Crops for Hogs in Kansas |
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27. Flax for Seed and Fiber |
332. Nuts and their Uses as Food |
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28. Weeds: And How to Kill Them |
333. Cotton Wilt |
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30. Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast |
337. New England Dairy Farms |
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34. Meats: Composition and Cooking |
338. Macadam Roads |
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35. Potato Culture |
339. Alfalfa |
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36. Cotton Seed and Its Products |
341. The Basket Willow |
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44. Commercial Fertilizers |
344. The Boll Weevil Problem |
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48. The Manuring of Cotton |
345. Some Common Disinfectants |
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51. Standard Varieties of Chickens |
346. The Computation of Rations |
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52. The Sugar Beet |
347. The Repair of Farm Equipment |
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54. Some Common Birds |
348. Bacteria in Milk |
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55. The Dairy Herd |
349. The Dairy Industry in the South |
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61. Asparagus Culture |
350. The Dehorning of Cattle |
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62. Marketing Farm Produce |
351. The Tuberculin Test of Cattle |
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64. Ducks and Geese |
354. Onion Culture |
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77. The Liming of Soils |
355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm |
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81. Corn Culture in the South |
357. Methods of Poultry Management |
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85. Fish as Food |
358. Primer of Forestry, Part II |
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86. Thirty Poisonous Plants |
359. Canning Vegetables in the Home |
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88. Alkali Lands |
361. meadow Fescue: Its Culture and Uses |
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91. Potato Diseases and Treatment |
362. Conditions Affecting the Value of Hay |
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99. Insect Enemies of Shade Trees |
363. The Use of Milk as Food |
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101. Millets |
364. A Profitable Cotton Farm |
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104. Notes on Frost |
365. Northern Potato-Growing Sections |
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106. Breeds of Dairy Cattle |
367. Lightning and Lightning Conductors |
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113. The Apple and How to Grow It. |
368. Bindweed or Wild Morning-Glory |
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118. Grape Growing in the South |
369. How to Destroy Rats |
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121. Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes as Food |
370. Replanning a Farm for Profit |
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126. Suggestions for Farm Buildings |
371. Drainage of Irrigated Lands |
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127. Important Insecticides |
372. Soy Beans |
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128. Eggs and Their Uses as Food |
373. Irrigation of Alfalfa |
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131. Tests for Detection of Oleomargarine |
375. Care of Food in the Home |
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134. Tree Planting in Rural School Grounds |
377. Harmfulness of Headache Mixtures |
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137. The Angora Goat |
378. Methods of Exterminating Texas-Fever Tick |
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138. Irrigation in Field and Garden |
379. Hog Cholera |
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139. Emmer: a Grain for the Semi-Arid Regions |
380. The Loco-Weed Disease |
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140. Pineapple Growing |
382. The Adulteration of Forage-plant Seeds |
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150. Clearing New Land |
383. How to Destroy English Sparrows |
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152. Scabies in Cattle |
385. Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Clubs |
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154. The Home Fruit Garden |
386. Potato Culture on Farms of the West |
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156. The Home Vineyard |
387. Preservative Treatment of Timbers |
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157. The Propagation of Plants |
389. Bread and Bread Making |
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158. How to Build Irrigation Ditches |
390. Pheasant Raising in the United States |
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164. Rape as a Forage Crop |
391. Economical Use of Meat in the Home |
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166. Cheese Making on the Farm |
392. Irrigation of Sugar Beets |
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167. Cassava |
393. Habit-forming Agents |
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170. Principles of Horse Feeding |
394. Windmills in Irrigation |
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172. Scale Insects and Mites on Citrus Trees |
395. Sixty-day and Kherson Oats |
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173. Primer of Forestry |
396. The Muskrat |
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174. Broom Corn |
398. Use of Commercial Fertilizers in the South |
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175. Home Manufacture of Grape Juice |
399. Irrigation of Grain |
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176. Cranberry Culture |
400. Profitable Corn-planting Method |
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177. Squab Raising |
401. Protection of Orchards from Frosts |
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178. Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture |
402. Canada Bluegrass: Its Culture and Uses |
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179. Horseshoeing |
403. Construction of Concrete Fence Posts |
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181. Pruning |
404. Irrigation of Orchards |
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182. Poultry as Food |
406. Soil Conservation |
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183. Meat on the Farm |
407. The Potato as a Truck Crop |
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185. Beautifying the Home Grounds |
408. School Exercises in Plant Production |
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187. Drainage of Farm Lands |
409. School Lessons on Corn |
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188. Weeds Used in Medicine |
410. Potato Culls as a Source of Alcohol |
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192. Barnyard Manure |
411. Feeding Hogs in the South |
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194. Alfalfa Seed |
413. The Care of Milk and Its Use |
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195. Annual Flowering Plants |
414. Corn Cultivation |
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198. Strawberries |
415. Seed Corn |
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200. Turkeys |
417. Rice Culture |
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201. The Cream Separator on Western Farms |
420. Oats: Distribution and Uses |
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203. Canned Fruits, Preserves and Jellies |
421. Control of Blowing Soils |
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204. The Cultivation of Mushrooms |
422. Demonstration Work in Southern Farms |
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205. Pig Management |
423. Forest Nurseries for Schools |
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206. Milk Fever and Its Treatment |
424. Oats: Growing the Crop |
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213. Raspberries |
426. Canning peaches on the Farm |
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218. The School Garden |
427. Barley Culture in the Southern States |
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220. Tomatoes |
428. Testing Farm Seeds |
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221. Fungous Diseases of the Cranberry |
429. Industrial Alcohol: Manufacture |
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224. Canadian Field Peas |
431. The Peanut |
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228. Forest Planting and Farm Management |
432. How a City Family Managed a Farm |
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229. Production of Good Seed Corn |
433. Cabbage |
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231. Cucumber and Melon Diseases |
434. Production of Onion Seed and Sets |
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232. Okra: Its Culture and Uses |
436. Winter Oats for the South |
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234. The Guinea Fowl |
437. A System of Tenant Farming |
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236. Incubation and Incubators |
438. Hog Houses |
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238. Citrus Fruit Growing in the Gulf States |
439. Anthrax |
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239. The Corrosion of Fence Wire |
440. Spraying Peaches |
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241. Butter Making on the Farm |
441. Lespedeza, or Japan Clover |
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242. An Example of Model Farming |
442. The Treatment of Bee Diseases |
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243. Fungicides and Their Uses |
443. Barley: Growing the Crop |
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245. Renovation of Worn-out Silos |
444. Remedies Against Mosquitoes |
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246. Saccharine Sorghums |
445. Marketing Eggs Through the Creamery |
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248. The Lawn |
446. The Choice of Crops for Alkali Land |
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249. Cereal Breakfast Foods |
447. Bees |
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250. Wheat Smut and Loose Smut of Oats |
448. Better Grain-Sorghum Crops |
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252. Maple Sugar and Syrup |
449. Rabies or Hydrophobia |
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253. The Germination of Seed Corn |
450. Some Facts About Malaria |
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254. Cucumbers |
452. Capons and Caponizing |
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255. The Home Vegetable Garden |
453. Danger of Spread of Gypsy and Brown-Tail Moths |
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256. Preparation of Vegetables for the Table |
454. A successful New York Farm |
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257. Soil Fertility |
455. Red Clover |
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260. Seed of Red Clover and Its Impurities |
456. Our Grosbeaks and Their Value |
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263. Information for Beginners in Irrigation |
458. The Best Two Sweet Sorghums |
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264. The Brown-Tail Moth |
459. House Flies |
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266. Management of Soils to Conserve Moisture |
460. Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing |
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269. Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics |
461. The Use of Concrete on the Farm |
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270. Modern Conveniences for the Farm Home |
462. The Utilization of Logged-Off Lands |
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271. Forage Crop Practices in the Northwest |
463. The Sanitary Privy |
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272. A Successful Hay and Seed Corn Farm |
464. The Eradication of Quack-Grass |
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274. Flax Culture |
466. Winter Emmer |
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275. The Gypsy Moth |
467. Chestnut Bark Disease |
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277. Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines |
468. Forestry in Nature Study |
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278. Legumes as Crops for Green Manure |
470. Game Laws |
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280. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm |
471. Grape Propagation, Pruning, Training |
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282, Celery |
472. Farming in Central New Jersey |
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284. Enemies of the Grape East of the Rockies |
474. Paint on the Farm |
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286. Cotton Seed and Cotton-Seed Meal |
475. Ice Houses |
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287. Poultry Management |
476. Dying Pine in Southern States |
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288. Non-Saccharine Sorghums |
477. Sorghum Sirup Manufacture |
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289. Beans |
478. Typhoid Fever |
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291. Evaporation of Apples |
480. Disinfecting Stables |
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292. Cost of Filling Silos |
481. Concrete on the Live-stock Farm |
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293. Use of Fruit as Food |
482. How to Grow Pears |
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295. Potatoes and Other Root Crops as Food |
483. Thornless Prickly Pears |
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298. Food Value of Corn and Corn Products |
484. Spotted Fever |
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299. Diversified Farming |
485. Sweet Clover |
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301. Home-Grown Tea |
487. Cheese in the Diet |
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302. Sea Island Cotton |
488. Diseases of Cabbage, Etc. |
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303. Corn Harvesting Machinery |
489. Two Important Plant Diseases |
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304. Growing and Curing Hops |
490. Bacteria In Milk |
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306. Dodder in relation to Farm Seeds |
492. Fungous Enemies of the Apple |
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307. Roselle: Its Culture and Uses |
493. English Sparrow Pests |
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310. A Successful Alabama Diversification Farm |
494. Lawn Soils and Lawns |
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311. Sand-Clay and Burnt-Clay Roads |
495. Alfalfa Seed Production |
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312. A successful Southern Hay Farm |
496. Raising hares and Rabbits |
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313. Harvesting and Storing Corn |
498. Texas-Fever Tick |
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318. Cowpeas |
500. Control of the Boll Weevil |
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321. The use of the Split-Log Drag on Roads |
501. Cotton Improvement |
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322. Milo as a Dry-Land Grain Crop |
502. Timothy in the Northwest |
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324. Sweet Potatoes |
503. Comb Honey |
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325. Small Farms in the Corn Belt |
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326. Building up a Cotton Plantation |
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328. Silver Fox Farming |
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330. Deer Farming in the United States |
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Published By Wilmer Atkinson Company, Philadelphia, 1919 |