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The History of
Genesee County, MI Online Edition by Holice, Deb & Clayton |
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In the afternoon of Thursday, June 6, the Second Regiment, one thousand and twenty strong, embarked on three steamers, and at eight o'clock p. m. left Detroit for Cleveland, arriving there the following morning. From Cleveland it proceeded by railway, via Pittsburgh, Harrisburg and Baltimore, to Washington, reaching the capital on the 10th. the following account of its arrival, which appeared under the head of "Special Dispatch to the New York Tribune," is taken from that paper and given here in full as showing the excited state of public feeling at that time, as well as the crude and peculiar ideas of military discipline and movements which then prevailed. The account dated Washington, June 10, 1861, was as follows: The Second Michigan Regiment, Colonel Richardson, arrived at four o'clock this morning. * * * * Word had come from the United States marshal that an attack would be made on them in Baltimore, and the train halted seven miles on the other side of the Monumental City where the men loaded their muskets. The orders were to avoid an encounter if possible, but if unavoidable to take no half measures, but for each company to fight to the death and for the pioneers to make clean work with houses from which they were assailed. In a suburb on the other side a brick was thrown at a private. It did not hit, but the orderly sergeant of company F drew his revolver and fired at the stoner. He was seen to fall, but whether killed or not is unknown. At the depot a raw private accidentally discharged is musket, ball whisked through the car, causing great excitement, but no harm was done. Two miles this side of Baltimore a shot from behind a fence went through a car. The lights were extinguished and the men ordered to form in line of battle if the shot should be followed by more. Sentinels were posted in each car. Near the Relay house firing was heard from one of our picket guards. It was reported that they had been attacked and had killed four men. The truth is not known. The informant adds that the regiment received a hearty welcome from the women in and beyond Baltimore, while no man, so far as he saw greeted them. The regiment is a fine-looking body, numbering ten hundred and twenty. Their uniforms are dark blue, like the First Michigan, and they are armed partially with new Minie guns and partially with the Harper's Ferry musket of 1846. They are well supplied with clothing and camp equipage. Thirty women, who will serve as nurses and laundresses, accompany the regiment. This afternoon the regiment was received by General Scott and the President at their residences. The regiment made a stay of several weeks in the District of Columbia, its camp being named "Camp Winfield Scott.' It was brigaded with the Third Michigan, First Massachusetts and Twelfth New York, the brigade commander being Colonel Richardson, of the Second Michigan. When General McDowell made his forward movement towards Manassas, this brigade moved with the army into Virginia and was engaged in the fight at Blackburn's Ford, July 18, and in the battle of Bull Run, Sunday, July 21. In the panic and disorder which ended that disastrous day the Second Regiment behaved with great steadiness, covering the retreat of the brigade towards Washington, for which it was warmly complimented by the heroic Richardson. After Bull Run the regiment was encamped for some weeks near Arlington, and later in the season at Ft. Lyon, Virginia, where it remained during the fall. About December 20 substantial and conformable winter-quarters were constructed at "Camp Michigan" three miles from Alexandria, on the Acotink road. While This camp was in process of construction an officer wrote that "Cabins are growing up on every side, adorned with doors and windows, produced by a process called 'cramping,' which is somewhere on the debatable ground between buying and stealing." Here the regiment remained until march, 1862, when it moved with its brigade and the Army of the Potomac to Fortress Monroe, and thence up the Peninsula to Yorktown and Williamsburg, at which latter place it took active part in the severe engagement of Monday, May 5, sustaining a loss of fifty-five killed and wounded. Among the latter were Captain Morse, of F Company, who was afterwards transferred to the invalid corps, and Capt. William B. McCreery, an original member of F Company, but who had been promoted to the command of Company G; he received three severe wounds, by one of which his left wrist was permanently disabled. Afterwards having recovered sufficiently to return to the field, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-first Michigan infantry, and two months later became its colonel. He led his regiment gallantly through the fire and carnage of Stone's river (December 31, 1862, to January 3, 1863), and fought at its head at Chickamauga, (September 20, 1863), until he had received three severe wounds, and was finally taken prisoner by the enemy. He was sent to Libby prison, Richmond, from which, however, he succeed in making his escape by tunneling under the walls, February 19, 1864. Six days later he returned to Flint, where a public reception was extended to him by leading citizens and a banquet was given in his honor at the Carlton House, March 2. The disability resulting from his numerous wounds compelled his retirement from the service and he resigned in September, 1864. Maj.-Gen. George H. Thomas, in reluctantly accepting his resignation, took occasion to compliment him highly, in orders, on his honorable record and the gallantry of his service in the Army of the Cumberland. These facts relating to the military career of Colonel McCreery are mentioned here in connection with the battle of Williamsburg because that fight virtually severed his connection with the Second Regiment, in which he was among the most honored and popular of its officers. From Williamsburg the Second Regiment moved with the army, up the peninsula to and across the Chickahominy and fought in the battle of Fair oaks, May 31 and June 1, 1862. Its loss in that engagement was fifty-seven killed and wounded; that of Company F was fourteen, or one-fourth the total killed and wounded of that regiment. Three companies of the Second, however, were not engaged in the fight. In the retreat, or "change of base," as it has sometimes been called, from the York river railroad to James River, the regiment fought at Glendale, or Charles City Cross-Roads, June 30, and at Malvern Hill, July 1. From the latter field it retired with the army and moved to Harrison's Landing on the James, where it remained until the general evacuation of that position, August 15 when it march down the Peninsula and was moved thence by way of the Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River with other troops to the assistance of the imperiled army of General Pope in the valley of the Rappahannock. During this campaign it took part in the fights of August 28, 29, 30, and in the battle of Chantilly, September 1. At Fredericksburg the Second was not actively engaged. It crossed the Rappahannock on the 12th of December, but in the great battle of the next day was held in reserve and sustained only a loss of one killed and one wounded by the enemy's shells; but, with the eighth Michigan it was among the last of the regiments of the army to recross to the north side of the river on the 16th. On the 13th of February, 1863, the regiment moved to Newport News, Virginia, and on the 19th of March, took its route to Baltimore, and thence by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and steamers on the Ohio river, to Louisville, Kentucky, with the Ninth Army Corps, of which it was a part. The corps remained in Kentucky during the months of April and May, and in June was moved to Mississippi to reinforce the army of General Grant near Vicksburg. The Second went into camp at Milldale, near Vicksburg, on the 17th and a few days later was stationed at Flower Dale church. On the 4th of July, the day of the surrender of Vicksburg, the regiment left flower Dale and moved east towards the capital of Mississippi to take part in the operations against the rebel army of General Johnston. It arrived in front of Jackson on the evening of the 10th, and on the 11th advanced in skirmish line on the enemy's rife-pits, which were taken and held for a time. Superior numbers, however, compelled the Second to retire from the position, with a loss of eleven killed, forty-five wounded and five taken prisoner. On the 13th and 14th of July the regiment was again slightly engaged. On the 17th and 18th it was engaged in destroying the Memphis & New Orleans railroad in the vicinity of Jackson and Madison, and then moved through Jackson, which had been evacuated by the enemy, back to Milldale; it remained there till August 5, when it marched to the river, and thence moved with the Ninth Corps by way of Cincinnati, to Kentucky, and encamped at Crab Orchard Springs, in that state, on the 30th of August. Here it remained twelve days. Before September 10 it broke camp and took the road for Cumberland Gap and Knoxville, Tennessee, reaching the latter place September 26. It moved from the vicinity of Knoxville, October 8, and was slightly engaged at Blue springs on the 10th. On the 20th it was again at Knoxville, but immediately afterwards moved to Loudon, and thence to Lenoir, Tennessee, where, on the 8th of November, its men commenced building winter quarters. The strength of the regiment at that time was reported at five hundred and three, present and absent. The anticipation of passing the winter at Lenoir was soon dispelled by the intelligence that the enemy under General Longstreet was moving up the valley of the Tennessee in heavy force, evidently having Knoxville as his objective point. On the 14th of November, the Second regiment, with its division, the First division of the Ninth Corps, was ordered out to meet and repel Longstreet, who was reported to be crossing the Tennessee below Loudon. He was found in force neat Hough's Ferry, on the Holston, and the division fell back to Lenoir. Here a line of battle was formed; but, on the enemy coming up, the retreat towards Knoxville was resumed, the Second Regiment, with its brigade, forming the rear guard. On the 16th it again stood in line at Campbell's Station to resist the advance of Longstreet, who was pressing up with great vigor. A sharp engagement ensued in which the Second lost thirty-one in killed and wounded. The position was stubbornly held till dark, when the retreat was resumed. The regiment reached Knoxville at five 0[clock in the morning of the 17th after a march of nearly thirty miles through mud and rain and a battle of several hours' duration, all without rest or food. It rook position on a hill below the city, at Ft. Saunders, where rifle-pits were constructed and where the regiment remained during the siege which followed. On the 19th and 20th it was slightly engaged, and on the 24th, under orders to attack a line of rifle-pits, it advanced under command of Major Byington, moving several hundred yards across an open plain swept by a front and flank fire of musketry and canister. The line was carried, but could not be held; the attacking force was dislodged and compelled to retire, with a loss to the Second Regiment of eighty-one killed and wounded--very nearly half its whole number in the fight. Among the killed was Adjutant William Noble and Major Byington, was mortally wounded. On the morning of Sunday, November 29, 1863, a force of the enemy consisting of two veteran Georgia brigades of McLaw's division, made a furious and persistent assault on Ft. Saunders; but they were repelled and finally driven back in disorder with a loss of eight hundred in killed, wounded and prisoners and three stands of colors. With the force inside the fort during this assault were Companies A, F, G, and H, of the Second Michigan. Their loss, however, was inconsiderable, being only five killed and wounded. From that time the regiment saw no fighting at this place other then slight skirmishes and on Friday night, December 4, the enemy withdrew from before Knoxville, after a siege of eighteen days' duration. The Second marched from Knoxville, December 8, and moved to Rutledge. On the 16th it moved to Blain's Cross-Roads, which was its last march in 1863. During the year that was then about closing, the regiment had moved a distance of more then two thousand five hundred miles. It remained at Blain's for about a month, during which time it was "veteranized," the number of re-enlisting veterans was one hundred and ninety-eight. About the middle of January, 1864, it moved to Strawberry Plains, thence to Knoxville, and to Erie Station, remaining at the latter place until February 4; then moved under orders to proceed to Detroit, Michigan, and reached there twenty days later. Here the veteran furlough was given to those who has re-enlisted, and Mr. Clemens was made the place of rendezvous. At this place the regiment received orders on the 4th of April to proceed to Annapolis, Maryland, to rejoin the Ninth Army Corps, which had in the meantime moved from Tennessee to Virginia to reinforce the Army of the Potomac. The regiment left Annapolis on the 22nd, proceeded to Washington, and thence into Virginia, where on the 5th of May it crossed the Rapidan and joined the army which was then moving into the Wilderness. For six weeks following this time the Second was, with its companion regiment of thebrigade, so constantly employed inmarch, skirmish orbattle, that is is hardly practicable to follow the intricacies of the movements; but the following statement of casualties durin that time show where and how it fought. |
| The statement which includes only the killed and wounded (and not the missing), is taken from the report of the regimental surgeon, Richard S. Vickery: | ||
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Wilderness Battle |
May 6 |
Killed and wounded: 38 |
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Spottsylvania Court House |
May 12 |
Killed and wounded: 11 |
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Oxford, North Anna |
May 24 |
Killed; 1 |
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Skirmish |
May 24 |
Killed: 1 |
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Pamunkey River |
May 31 |
Killed: 2 |
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Skirmish |
June 1 |
Killed: 5 |
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Skirmish |
June 2 |
Killed; 2 |
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Bethesda church |
June 2 |
Killed: 38 |
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Cold Harbor |
June 4 to 10 |
Killed: 9 |
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The regiment crossed to the south side of the James River on the 15th, reached the enemy's works in front of Petersburg on the 16th, and took part in the attack of the next two days with the following in killed and wounded: In the battle of June 17, 91; in battle of June 18, 83. Recruits to the number of five hundred or more had joined the regiment sine the veteran re-enlistment--otherwise such losses would have been impossible. On the 30th of July the Second too part in the engagement which followed the explosion of the mine and sustained a loss of twenty killed and wounded and thirty-seven missing. Having moved with the Ninth Corps tot he Weldon railroad, it there took part in repelling the enemy's assault on our lines August 19, losing one killed and two wounded. On the 30th, it crossed the Weldon railroad and, moving towards the enemy's right flank, participated in the engagement of that date at Poplar Grove Church about a month at Pebble's Farm, but moved, October 27, in the advance on Boydton Plank-road, losing seven wounded in that affair. If then remained at Pebble's, engaged in picket duty and fortifying, till November 29, when it moved to a point about ten miles farther tot he right on the City Point & Petersburg Railroad and there remained in the trenches during the winter. On the 25th of March it fought at Ft. Steadman and sustained sever losses. It again lost slightly at the capture of Petersburg, April 3. It then moved to the south side railroad, eighteen miles from Petersburg, and remained nearly two weeks, but in the meantime the army of Lee has surrendered and fighting days of the regiment were passed. It moved to City Point and embarking there on the 18th, was transported to Alexandria, Virginia, from whence it moved to a camp at Tenallytown, Maryland. On the 27th of may it was detached for duty in Washington City and remained there for about two months. on the 29th of July, having on the previous day been mustered out of the service, it left by railroad for Michigan, and on the 1st of August it reached Detroit and was soon afterward paid and disbanded. In a published account of the regiment's return, it was stated that of all the original members of Company F, Orlando H. Ewer, of Flint, was the only one who remained in its ranks to be included in the final discharge "after four years and a quarter of honorable service." Headquarters First Brigade, Burn's Division, Opposite Fredericksburg, Va. II. private Frank Thompson, Company f, Second Michigan Volunteers, is detailed on special duty at these headquarters as postmaster and mail carrier for the brigade. (Signed) O. M. Poe. Colonel commanding Brigade. In Company F, Second Michigan, there enlisted at Flint, Franklin Thompson, (or Frank, as usually called) aged twenty, ascertained afterward and about the time he left the regiment to have been a female and a good looking one at that. She succeeded in concealing her sex most admirably, serving in various campaigns and battles of the regiment as a soldier, often employed as a spy, going within the enemy's lines, sometimes absent for weeks, and is said to have furnished much valuable information. She remained with the regiment until April, 1863, when it is supposed she apprehended a disclosure of her sex and deserted at Lebanon, Kentucky, but where she went remains a mystery. At the reunion of the regiment held at Lansing, October 11, 1883, the mysterious disappearance of Frank Thompson was cleared up, and in May, 1900, colonel Schneider published a complete history of Frank Thompson, or Mrs. Seelye, who died at Laporte, Texas, September 5, 1898, and was buried under the auspices of Houston (Texas) post of the Grand Army of the republic, of which she had been an honored member. THE OLD FLAG OF THE SECOND MICHIGAN INFANTRY. During the preliminary organization of the Second infantry, nearly every company was presented with a flag by the citizens of the locality where it had been recruited, and upon arriving at the rendezvous in Detroit, the Niles company having been designated as the 'color company,' the flag brought by them was used as the regimental colors. In February, 1862, this flag, being of very light silk, had become unserviceable. Col. O. M. Poe, commanding the regiment, obtained from the war department a set of regulation infantry colors, which he presented, with a stirring speech, to the regiment, and the original flag was returned to its donors. This second flag was carried in thirty-four engagements, and under its fold eleven officer and one hundred and ninety-four men were killed inaction or mortally wounded. On the 24th of November, 1863, at Knoxville, Tennessee, the regiment, under command of Major Byington, charged the enemy's rife pits. Eighty-four were killed and wounded our of one hundred and fifty engaged, including Major Byington, who was mortally wounded, four officers and the color sergeant killed and six sergeants who lost a leg each, the flag staff being hit three times. On July 30, 1864, during the attack which followed the blowing up of a fort within the enemy's lines, near Petersburg, Virginia, known in the list of engagements as "The Crater," the regiment was in the advance of the charge made by the Ninth Corps. At every step the fire of the enemy in front and on each flank concentrated upon them and plowed their ranks with great slaughter. The charge was checked on the side of the crest; there was a halt, and finally the whole line of the brigade, wavering under terrible odds, recoiled; nearly surrounded through lack of proper support, the regiments commander among the dead, fifty-seven men killed and prisoners, and seeing escape hopeless, Color Sergeant Jesse Gaines ran to the rear as far as possible, and cast the flag over the parapet towards our lines, trusting it would be seen and saved by some of our men; he was almost instantly a prisoner, with others of the color guard. The flag was found and taken by the enemy and carried a trophy to Richmond. A Richmond paper, narrating the events of this desperate battle, said, in substance: "among the flags taken was that of the Second Michigan Infantry, an organization well known in our army since the first Bull Run battle, it bears the names of many prominent engagements with both the eastern and western armies. This regiment must have been nearly annihilated, or it would never have lost its colors." And Sergeant Gaines, in his interesting sketch, pithily says, "It is true the flag was lost, but it was never surrendered." When Richmond was taken it was found in the rebel capital, removed to Washington, and later, by an order of the war department, sent to the regimental association, and is now among the war relics in the Capital in Lansing. As a proof that no dishonor was attached to the regiment for its loss under such trying circumstances, General Mead, commanding then Army of the Potomac, ordered a new flag to be presented to the regiment, which was done. Upon general orders of army headquarters, the following most prominent battles and sieges, in which the regiment had borne a credible part, were printed upon this last flag, as afar as practicable, all minor engagement being left out for want of space on the flag.: Blackburn's Ford Capture of Petersburg and Appomattox. |
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History of Genesee
County, Michigan, Her People, Industries and Institutions |
Transcribed by Holice B. Young
HTML by Deb
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