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SOUTHEASTERN NEBRASKA.

JOHN H. BRANDT.

John H. Brandt, of Glenwood township, Gage county, Nebraska, is one of the well known citizens of this locality, and also one of the honored veterans of the Civil war. His career as a soldier commenced with his enlistment at Waverly, Bremer county, Iowa, in the Thirty-eighth Iowa Volunteer Infantry Company. Among the other engage-

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ments, Mr. Brandt participated in the siege of Vicksburg and was assigned to the Department of the Gulf. He crossed the Gulf of Mexico, was at Brownsville, Texas, and was finally discharged at Galveston that state, in the fall of 1865, after a hard and gallant service.

The birth of Mr. Brandt occurred in Bedford, Pennsylvania, July 3, 1844, and he is a son of Jacob and Mary (Long) Brandt, and a grandson of Benjamin. The father of Benjamin was in the Revolutionary war, and his sons in the war of 1812, and the family originated in Germany. Jacob Brandt removed in 1850 to Adams county, Illinois, but later located at Bremer county, Iowa, and still later at Palmyra, Missouri, where the mother died. The father passed away at Summerville, Illinois, at the age of seventy-eight, a man of honor who attained to prominence in the several communities in which he resided. Among the children born to himself and wife were: Lydia, deceased; John, James Philip, Charles, Perry, Anna, Lizzie, Albert and Alfred, twins, one of whom died young.

John H. Brandt was reared upon his father's farm and educated in the schools of Pennsylvania. In March, 1884, he removed to Gage county, Nebraska, and developed one of the best farms in that locality, consisting of two hundred and forty acres, upon which he has erected a comfortable house, big barn and excellent other buildings. He carries on general farming and raises considerable stock, and is recognized as one of the leading farmers and stockmen of Gage county.

Mr. Brandt was married in Adams county, Illinois, to Adalaide Bethel. She was born in Illinois and is a daughter of C. Bethel. Mrs. Brandt died in January, 1884, having borne her husband twelve children, eight of whom are now living, namely: Loretta, George, William, John, Jessie, Tola, Nettie and Lizzie. In 1888 Mr. Brandt married Susanna Foltz, who was born in Nebraska, a daughter of Solomon Foltz.

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The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brandt, namely: Arthur, Margette, Nimrod, Allie, Homer, Maude and two who died in infancy. For many years Mr. Brandt has been prominent in G. A. R. work. The entire family is highly respected in the neighborhood, and Mr. Brandt himself stands high among his associates and friends, as a man of integrity, hardworking and reliable in every respect.

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JESSE B. CALLISON.

Jesse B. Callison is numbered among the pioneer settlers of Saline county, Nebraska, having resided in this portion of the state since 1870.  He is, therefore, familiar with the history of its development, and he has borne a helpful and important part in the work of progress and improvement as the years have gone by.  He was born in West Virginia on the 1st of August, 1834, and is a son of Joseph Callison, whose birth occurred in Virginia.  The father respresented one of the early families of the Old Dominion, his ancestors having located there about 1790.  His father was Anthony Callison, also a native of Virginia, and he and his wife both died in Pocahontas county, that state, at an advanced age.  Joseph Callison was reared under the parental roof, and after attaining his majority was married to Miss Elizabeth Bright, who was born in Virginia and was a daughter of Jesse Bright, whose birth occurred in Pennsylvania and who was a representative of an old Pennsylvania Dutch family.  Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Callison removed from West Virginia to Knox county, Illinois, and later to Iowa, settling in Davis county, near Bloomfield.  In the year 1873 they came to Nebraska, spending their last days in Richardson county near Falls City, where the father died at the very advanced age of ninety-three years.  Throughout his entire

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life he had followed agricultural pursuits, and his persistency, industry and well directed labor brought to him a good living.  His early political support was given to the Whig party and upon its dissolution he joined the ranks of the new Republican party.  His wife, who was to him a faithful companion and helpmate on life’s journey, died at the age of seventy years.  They were the parents of nine children, of whom Anthony was a soldier of the Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry.  He served for five years with the army and is now deceased.  Addison F. was a member of the Fifty-fifth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers and now resides in Idaho.

Jesse P. Callison spent his early boyhood days in Greenbier [sic] county, Virginia, and when still a young lad accompanied his parents on their removal to Knox county, Illinois, the family home being established near Abingdon, where he lived until 1867.  In the meantime the country became involved in Civil war, and his patriotic spirit was aroused, prompting his enlistment as a soldier of the Union army.  It was on the 6th of August, 1862, that he enrolled his name among those who had offered service to the government, becoming members of Company I, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry for three years’ service.  A. Harding was placed in command of the regiment and later was succeeded by Colonel Smith.  The regiment went into camp at Monmouth, Illinois, and after a short time spent in drill they were ordered south, proceeding to fort Donelson, Tennessee, and later to Nashville.  Mr. Callison participated in the battle of Nashville and Clarksville, and was in active service in Tennessee during the greater part of his enlistment.  He was mustered out on the 28th of June, 1865, and gladly returned to his home, although he had been a devoted and loyal soldier, never faltering in performance of any military duty assigned him.  Making his way northward after the cessation of hostilities he continued to reside in Abingdon, Illinois, until 1876.

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In the meantime Mr. Callison was united in marriage to Miss Jane Grumble, an estimable lady, who for thirty-seven years has traveled life’s journey with him and has been of great assistance to him.  She was born in Hancock county, Illinois, and is a daughter of John and Maria (Davis) Grumble.  Her father was born in New York city, while her mother’s birth occurred in Jersey City, New Jersey.  Mr. Grumble is still living and now makes his home near White City in Morris county, Kansas, at th age of eighty-eight years, but his wife passed away at the age of seventy-two years.  She was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which he still belongs, and his upright life has ever been in consistent harmony with his Christian principles.  To this worthy couple were born nine children, five sons and four daughters.  One son, William Grumble, was a soldier of the Civil war and is now living in Arkansas.  He was taken prisoner by the rebel troops and for nine months was held in capitivity, but then managed to make his escape and rejoined the Union army.

After his marriage Mr. Callison removed to Davis county, Iowa, and in the spring of 1870 came to Nebraska, where he secured a homestead claim, upon which he is still living.  His first home was a log and sod house, which he occupied for seven years, and then he replaced this by a more modern and commodious residence.  Although he has prospered here his course has been beset by many difficulties and obstacles as the years have advanced.  There have been hot winds and blizzards and also a scourge of grasshoppers.  In the early days buffalo meat and other wild game largely furnished the table of the early settlers.  He saw hard times for years, but his resolute purpose and energy at length triumphed over these various difficulties, and he is now the possessor of an excellent farm of eighty acres valued at sixty dollars per acre.  On the place is a good house, a substantial barn, a windmill, well

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improved machinery, and, in fact, various modern equipments and accessories which go to facilitate farm work and render agricultural labor profitable.  The home is pleasantly located about three miles north of Daykin.

Mr. Callison and his wife are the parents of eight children: Robert, Mrs. Anna Higgins, Pauline, Mrs. Bertha Pointer, Flora, Nettie, Oliver J. and John C.  They also lost two children, one dying in infancy, while Nellie passed away at the age of thirteen years.  Mrs. Callison is a member of the United Brethren church.  Mr. Callison gives his political allegiance to the Republican party and in matters of citizenship is public-spirited and progressive, manifesting the same loyalty to his country and her welfare that he displayed when defending the old flag on southern battlefields.  He is a man of strong and honorable principles, and in his business life has never been known to take advantage of the necessities of his fellow man in any trade transaction.  As one of the pioneer settlers and respected citizens of his country he well deserves representation in this volume.

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SAMUEL PETTIT.

Samuel Pettit, who has been living retired from his long career of farmer and building contractor since 1897, has been a resident of Nemaha county for nearly fifty years.  He is not only one of the honored pioneers and old-timers, but has been foremost in all the activities in which he has engaged.  While desiring and taking no part in practical politics, he was one of the earliest representatives of this county in the territorial legislature, and was there when Lincoln was assassinated.  For this half century he has quietly performed his duties

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as a citizen and man, has been always reliable and capable, has won friends and kept their high esteem, and now at the age of more than fourscore has passed a life of worthy activity and creditable performance and can enjoy his remaining years as befits the true workman whose labors have been well done.

Mr. Pettit was born about five miles from Batavia, New York, June 3, 1823, and from his native state, in 1833, went to Logan county, Ohio, and thence, in 1850, became a pioneer of Wisconsin, and in October, 1856, took up his permanent residence in Nemaha county, Nebraska, which has proved the last stage of his earthly pilgrimage.  David Pettit, his father, was born in Albany, New York, in 1783, and died near Lima, Allen county, Ohio, in 1853.  He was a non-commissioned offcer [sic] in the war of 1812, and was a teacher in Batavia.  The family is of Scotch-Irish ancestry.  In 1820 he married Scenia Elms, who was born in France about 1803, and who had three brothers that served under Napoleon at Moscow, only one ever returning to his native land.  David Pettit and wife had five sons and two daughters, one son dying in childhood, and Samuel being the only survivor.  The son Rodolphus was for many years a teacher in Logan county, Ohio, giving his most enthusiastic efforts and best years to his profession, and for several years before his death served as clerk of the district court; he died in 1900 at the age of eighty years, and had been twice married, rearing three children; he was not a money-getter, but gave all his children good educations.  Jonathan Pettit, another son, was a carpenter, and met his death as a Union soldier at the siege of Vicksburg, filling an unknown grave; he had a wife and three children.  Mrs. David Pettit was a widow for many years, and died in Henry county, Indiana, when past the age of eighty.

Samuel Pettit had all his schooling before he was eleven years old,

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and since that age has been dependent on his own resources.  He lived at home until he reached his majority.  At the age of twenty-one he learned the carpenter’s trade, and served four years for board and clothes alone.  He was a mechanic and contractor and builder in Ohio, then in Wisconsin, and also after coming to Nebraska.  He bought his first farm land in 1862, paying a thousand dollars for three hundred and twenty acres situated on the west bank of the Missouri river.  Within four years this land had all been swept away by the currents of the Big Muddy.  He saved some of the timbers from this place, and with them built his house on the one hundred and twenty acre tract which he bought in 1868 and which is still his home farm.  He bought nine lots in Peru in 1871, and still owns three of them.  He has built many of the dwellings in this vicinity, and has worked on all the fine school buildings in this town.

On December 12, 1843, Mr. Pettit was married in Logan county, Ohio, to Miss Mary A. Knox, who was born there in 1823.  Her father, Leonard Knox, came from Virginia to Ohio in 1804.  He was a scout under Daniel Boone, Benton McCarthy and General Cox during the Indian wars.  Mrs. Pettit’s family were all intense pro-slavery advocates, but she was on her part much opposed to the institution.  Mr. and Mrs. Pettit had eleven children, two of whom died in childhood.  James, born in Ohio in 1844, was a teacher, postmaster and followed other occupations, and is now living in Iowa, having three sons and one grandson; George Pettit, who is the grain dealer and owner of the elevator in Peru, has several sons and daughters; Alfred is a farmer and prominent Republican of Thayer county, Nebraska; Mark is a railroad agent in Kansas, and has three sons; Lincoln is a carpenter and contractor in Eagle, Nebraska, and has three sons; Greely died in Nemaha county at the age of three years; Mary is the wife of Booker Morrison, a farmer

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in this county, and has three children: Esterline and Emeline, twins, the former the wife of Frank Rigwald and the latter of Jesse Robinson, both farmers on Mr. Pettit’s place near Peru, and Mrs. Rigwald has two daughters and Mrs. Robinson has four sons and one daughter.  Mr. Pettit lost his noble wife and the mother of these children, on November 15, 1897, and he has since then lived alone, keeping his own house and passing his days in sweet and quiet simplicity.  He is a strong Republican, and during the Civil war was a member of the home guards.  He has been a member of no church, but his wife was a Methodist.  His children were all educated in the normal school, and the oldest was a teacher.

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EDWARD D. GAGE AND FAMILY.

Edward Downs Gage, whose death occurred in Jefferson county, March 22, 1890, was for twenty years connected with the agricultural and business interests of this county, and was a man whose integrity, reliability and personal worth were unquestioned wherever he went.  He was one of the oldest men in the county at the time of his death and his long career had been useful in its work and wholesome and kindly in its influence.  While he was persevering and assiduous in gaining a due amount of material prosperity, he never neglected the responsibilities laid upon him as a citizen of a great republic or as father and head of a family, whose different members gave him true-hearted devotion while he was living and now revere his memory as of one who was true to his convictions and sincere and earnest in the performance of life’s duties as he saw them.  He was unselfish, devout, religious, a “friend of the church, friend of the neighborhood, friend of humanity, friend of God.”

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Some generations before the nineteenth century three brothers came from England and settled in New York.  A descendant of one of these, James Gage, settled early in the nineteenth century on the “Dock Road” in Madison township, Lake county, Ohio, when this country was almost a trackless wilderness.  This, until his death in 1859, continued to be his home.

He married Charlana Turney in February, 1818.

To them were born three children: Edward D., the subject of this sketch, born June 7, 1819; David W. and James Alfred, the latter dying in infancy.  On July 10, 1827, occurred the death of Mrs. Gage, and on June 29, 1829, he was married to Lucing Wright.  To them were born five daughters and one son, namely: Helen C., A. Eliza, Charlotte M., Ardelissa V., Henry W. and Alta L.

David W. became a successful lawyer, practicing mainly in Cleveland, Ohio.  He did some work in behalf of the anti-slavery cause and has ever been much interested in all reform and church movements in behalf of which he has spent some little time both as a lecturer and in the preparation of articles for the press.  He was for about three years state organizer of the Prohibition party in Ohio, in which time the vote of that party in the state increased threefold.  He is now living in Oberlin, Ohio.

Henry Warren responded to the first call for recruits in the war, in behalf of the Union, and was one of the three-months men, taking part in the battle of Laurel Hill.  He enlisted and served again for three years at the end of which time he enlisted again for three years, or until the close of the war.  He was mustered out in the fall of 1865 at Little Rock, Arkansas.  He died as the result of a railroad accident in the winter of 1882.

A cousin of James Gage was identified with the ministry of the

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Methodist church, and in the early days was sent out to Nebraska as a missionary, and it was from this devoted man of God that Gage county received its name.

The Turneys on the maternal side are among the oldest American families.  They were of French Huguenot origin, and after the terrible religious persecutions culminating in the St. Bartholomew massacre in August, 1572, they joined the thousands of other expatriated Protestants and took up their abode in England.  Thence, along in the days of early colonization, four brothers of the name started to this country, one locating at Bridgeport, Connecticut, one in what is now West Virginia, one in South Carolina, and one in Tennessee.

Asa Turney, the grandfather of Edward D. Gage, was born in Fairfield, Connecticut, October 15, 1759, and was married to Polly Downs, who was born at Reading, Connecticut, December 2, 1768.  Asa Turney was a Revolutionary patriot, enlisting first in 1777.  He was in the fight at Danbury, Connecticut, when that town was burned by the British; when each of the small force of two hundred Americans had but two bullets and to charges of powder with which to repel the enemy, and not till thirty patriots had fallen did they retreat.  Asa Turney voted twice for George Washington as president.  During his residence in Connecticut he served for a time as a sailor on merchant vessels trading with the West Indies, and in 1809 he started west to find a home in the Western Reserve in Ohio, which territory was originally claimed by Connecticut and was the seat of a prosperous colony from that state.  He placed his wife and older children in two carts, one drawn by oxen and the other by a span of horses, and this journey to the then far west consumed fifty-three days.  He bought a hundred acres of wild land in Madison townships of Lake County, and after making a well improved farm from this, he purchased an additional hun-

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dred and sixty in Perry township of the same county, and later seventy more in Madison townships, making three hundred and thirty acres altogether.  His poltical principles were those of the Federalists and oldline Whig parties.  He served as trustee of Madison township.  He and his wife were members of the Baptist church.  His death occurred April 5, 1833.

Edward D. Gage remained at the old home in Lake county, Ohio, until his marriage, in 1851, and then continued his activities in that state for some twenty years, during which time he cleared, fenced and built a fine residence and buildings on a sixty-two acre farm on “Dock Road” not far from his early home.  He also cleared and improved a farm he owned on the lake shore at the north end of Wheeler Creek road in Geneva township in Ashtabula county, Ohio.  These he sold in 1868 and in 1870 removed with his family to Jefferson (then known as Jones) county, Nebraska.  There was in that year no railroad in southern Nebraska west of Nebraska City, and after arrived there the remainder of the journey was made overland, with a company of others, in covered wagons.  Among the household effects of the Gage family was a piano, the first musical instrument of the kind to find its way into Jefferson county, and for some time it was regarded as one of the novelties and attractions of the county.  Fairbury was then an isolated town, with very few houses, and between this town and Mr. Gage's farm at Bower, there was visible one lone cottonwood tree.  Mr. Gage bought fourteen hundred and forty acres of land near the present postoffice of Bower, and at the time of his death his estate still comprised twelve hundred and eighty acres in this county.  In order to build his house he freighted lumber from Nebraska City and Waterville, Kansas.  Neither grasshoppers, drought, nor high taxes during the first few years were sufficient to rout him from his secure position among the agriculturists

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of southeastern Nebraska, and he continued to follow, with much success, farming all his active life, and by his thrift and industry and indomitable perseverance, assisted so nobly by his wife, he accumulated more than a competency.  Notwithstanding his energy in business affairs, he was modest and retiring in disposition, and attracted men to him more by his personal worth and substantiality than by an aggressive friendship.

He was always faithful to the welfare of Jefferson county, and took an active interest in the educational affairs of the county.  His sympathies always went out to the oppressed and weak, and his assistance, whether by political ballot or personal effort, was directed along that line. His first vote was cast for Tom Corwin, the candidate for governor of Ohio, and he was only a few months past his majority when he gave his vote to William Henry Harrison for president, and his presidential vote for Benjamin Harrison was cast only two years before his death.  He was strongly opposed to slavery, later allied himself with the temperance movement, and during the closing years of his life often assisted the Prohibition party, and furthermore, his opposition was always directed against the power of monopoly, at present the dominant issue before the country for settlement.

For over thirty years his influence went consistently and steadily for religious uplift and growth.  He was baptized on October 3, 1858, and was a member of the Christian church until his death.  He loved the Bible and studied it for knowledge and guidance.  His Christianity was best exemplified in his home, which is recalled not alone by the children but by the many others who ever sojourned therein for its harmony, mutual helpfulness, self-sacrifice and interdependence.  His patience was shown during his last days of suffering and his great

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faith in his final hour, when, in the words quoted by a friend, his end “was rather a happy departure from life than a mere death.”

Edward D. Gage was married on March 12, 1851, in Ohio, to Samantha M. Morse, and for nearly forty years their lives blended in mutual esteem, concord and happy fruitage of their efforts.  She was a woman of great energy, interested in the affairs of the world, and the scope of her efforts made her influence felt not only in her happy domestic circle but in the community around her.  She was born in Kingsville, Ashtabula county, Ohio, October 11, 1826, and she died at her home in Fairbury, March 11, 1901, when nearly seventy-five years of age.

Samantha M. Morse was a descendant of one of seven brothers who came to this country from Wales (the Morse of telegraph fame being of the same stock), and the name in this country has been interchangeably spelled as Moss or Morse.  Samantha Morse was the daughter of Amos and Annie (Abbott) Morse, and she was the third child and eldest daughter in a family of eleven children, nine of whom, five sons and four daughters, were reared.

The youngest of this family, now S. Adelle Bates, is the only living representative.  She is a person of literary and artistic tastes, but having especial musical ability.  She was for many years a teacher of music and at one time spent two years in Germany in the study of music and German, graduating in the former from the Musical Conservatory at Leipsic.  She, with her husband, now live at Madison, Ohio, where they have some little business interests in the furniture and musical as well as other lines.

Samantha Morse’s grandfather, Squire Abbott, was originally from Massachusetts, but removed to New York at an early day.  He was a Baptist minister, and in the pioneer times was sent out as a mis-

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sionary by the Baptist board, going from New York to Ohio on horseback.  In 1820 he located in Ashtabula county, and five years later moved to Henrietta township, Lorain county, where he died December 18, 1853, aged eighty-three years.

Samantha M. Morse spent her early life in her birthplace home until her marriage, and thereafter for half a century her life went on in simple usefulness and in working out the duties which came to her day by day.  She felt her first obligations to be in her home, and in its ordering and in the rearing to true and successful manhood and womanhood those entrusted to her care, lies her greatest reward.  But her expansive energy found many outlets into fields of usefulness.  It was mainly due to her planning and work that a part of their Nebraska home-- a large house for the time-- was arranged for store purposes, in which was carried for a few years the usual stock of a country grocery.  From about 1872 to 1886 the postoffice, earlier known as Bowerville and later as Bower, was located in a part of the house and attended to by the family.  In the early days a sign proclaimed this house to the public as the Pioneer House, and, while this signal did not long remain standing, wayfarers continued to find here a temporary home as long as the family remained.

The personal circle at this ideal home was seldom small, and within it at almost any time might have been found, besides the family, two or three orphan children, and preachers, teachers, relatives and others made this thier abiding place for various lengths of time.  During her long lifetime Mrs. Gage was the blessed mother to eleven orphan children, and some of these have since grown to maturity and have children of their own.  Mrs. Gage united with the Baptist church when a young woman, but later became impressed with the faith of the Disciples and remained a true adherent of the Church of Christ till

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the day of her death.  Outside of her other engaging activities, she found time to devote herself with true Christian zeal and piety to the works of religion and charity, and the church and community owed much to her efforts continued to the last years of her life.  She lies buried in the beautiful cemetery near the little country church at Bower, resting beside her husband and two daughers.

The own children of Mr. and Mrs. Gage were five in number: Annie C., James A., Lida H., who died in infancy, Nora E., and Miss Susie D. Miss Susie D. Gage, the youngest of the family and the only daughter now living, resides in her beautiful home at 911 Eighth street, Fairbury.  Miss Gage is a lady of culture and true refinement.  She was for several years engaged in teaching, and has always taken an active interest in educational affairs.  She enjoys intellectual companionship and the beauties and depths of literature, and has found much opportunity in a quiet way to be useful and happy in her community.

James A. Gage, the only son, is a person of genial manner thoughtful and conservative.  On reaching his majority in 1876 he was presented by his father with a quarter section of land in section 13 of Richland precinct.  This together with other large property interests in the county, including three other quarter sections which are from the original family estate, he still holds.  On finishing his school life he remained at home with his parents for several years, then going into the nursery business with a partner, under the firm name of Carpenter and Gage.  This enterprise soon developed into a trade of from fifty to one hundred thousand dollars annually, doing business in all parts of the United States and often beyond its borders.  In 1890 Mr. Gage sold out his interest in this firm, but soon was again in the same line, making a specialty of the apple-seedling trade.  In

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the spring of 1899 he moved to Beatrice, Gage county, where he also has property interests and is engaged in the general nursery trade.  He was married in November, 1887, to Miss Emma E. Lasch, of Lincoln, Nebraska.  Their three boys are Albert Edward, Vernon Lasch and James Wendell.

The oldest child and daughter, Annie C., died at Fairbury, January 5, 1893, being the wife of Postmaster John M. Fitchpatrick of Hebron.  Mrs. Fitchpatrick was born in Madison, Ohio, May 24, 1853, being seventeen years old when she came to this part of Nebraska with the rest of the family.  Before her marriage she was one of the successful teachers of Jefferson county, and taught at Fairbury when the schools had but two departments.  She possessed talent in music and painting, especially in the latter, but was best known for her proficiency in both plain and ornamental penmanship, which in her case was one of the fine arts and which she sometimes taught.  At one time she was a pupil of Platt R. Spencer.  She also had literary inclinations and ability, occasionally letting her rich fancy run to poetical composition, but made no attempts in this direction other than in a modest way at local functions.  She was quick at repartee and a general social favorite, and her life devoted to Christian ideals and domestic happiness remains as a bright memory to those she loved and worked for.  October 11, 1880, she was married to John M. Fitchpatrick of Hebron, which town remained her home till her death.  She had two children.  Neil Gage Fitchpatrick, who is now, after nearly three years of successful service in the employ of the Nebraska Telephone Company, a student in the State University of Nebraska, and J. Roy, who died in infancy.

Nora E. Gage, the other daughter, who passed away June 13, 1894, had a wide sphere of influence and work in this part of

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Nebraska, and her helpfulness and charm of manner and beauty of spirit gave to her life a range of usefulness unusually large.  She was born in Ohio, February 26, 1859, and from the time of her removal to Nebraska in 1870 she regarded the homestead at Bower as her principal and best loved home.  She united with the Christian church when she was thirteen years old, and conformed the subsequent acts of her life to its high ideals.  From the district school at Bower she passed to the public school in Hebron, and then attended a seminary in Ohio for a time, after which she began teaching in Jefferson county.  In the fall of 1882 she entered the University of Nebraska, where she spent four years.  There her strength of Christian character was a source of inspiration to her fellow students, and while developing her own powers her spirit flowed out in beneficence to those around her.  She was devoted to her literary society, and was highly honored by being chosen for two successive years as essayist at the annual exhibition.  Her class standing was always of the highest, and she completed five years’ work in four, being chosen as one of the class speakers at commencement.  After graduation she held the position for one year of assistant principal of the Hebron high school, and in 1887 she accepted the position of lady principal and head of the department of Latin and Greek in the Christian College at Fairfield, Nebraska, this work especially appealing to her because of the rare opportunity for Christian service and influence, but also since she had given much attention to Latin and Greek while in the university.  At the time of her graduation from the university she stood second in grading of all who had passed through the institution up to that time.  During her work at Fairfield College she was regarded as an ideal not only as a teacher, but as a broad-minded woman.  In addition to her other duties in the college she was president of the Nebraska C.

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