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CHAPTER VIII.


CLIMATE OF NEBRASKA.


ITS ALTITUDE--TEMPERATURE--RAINFALL.


     It must be borne in mind that Nebraska is comprised within the forty and forty-third degrees of latitude, and between the ninety-sixth and one hundred and fourth degrees of longitude west from Greenwich, or between the nineteenth and twenty-seventh degrees west from Washington; thus giving it a diversified climate throughout its extended area.

     The average elevation above the sea level being about 2,500 feet, with a range of mountains to the west, spanning the Continent from the Gulf of Mexico to the British Possessions, gives a pure, invigorating air, and hence is witnessed an almost entire absence of fevers and other malarial diseases so common in some sections of the West where low lands and marshy swamps are encountered. Perhaps no State in the Union, outside of New England, has less stagnant waters within its borders, or more pure springs and running streams than are to be found in Nebraska; and it is a matter susceptible of proof from the records, that no Western State can show a smaller death rate than this.

     The rare, clear atmosphere gives wonderful range of vision, tone and vitality to every form of animal and vegetable life, and the most enjoyable climate upon the Continent. Take the seasons as they come and go, and average them, and no State can make such goodly promises as this for health, development and longevity.

     Mr. L. D. Burch, Western Editor of the Chicago Commercial

CXXXIII.


134

JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA

Advertiser, who spent some years in traveling over Nebraska, has recently published a very valuable work on the State, from which the following in regard to climate is taken:

     "The entire State has a southwestern exposure, the downward slope or incline from the northwest to southeast, being about 2,600 feet, or nearly seven feet to the mile. The influence of this warm exposure upon the climate and vegetable growth is of incalculable advantage. The Nebraska summer is a long, and genial warm season, with delightful, breezy days and cool refreshing nights. The hottest days of July and August are tempered by the almost constant southerly and southwest winds. The high tone and stimulus of the atmosphere of this region are proverbial. The cool still nights are a restful and refreshing pleasure experienced in but few regions of the world. The Nebraska winter, as compared with the rigorous, snowy, frost-bound winter of New England, New York and Wisconsin, is a very mild and pleasant season. Nine-tenths of the cold season is made up of bright, dry, mild weather. February and March give an occasional severe storm of short duration. The best commentary upon the winter of this country is the grazing of cattle and sheep upon the ranges in the west half of the State, the year round, their only shelter from the storms being the native groves, gulches and ravines.

     "The soft blue haze, subdued mellow sunshine, and gorgeous red sunsets of autumn in Nebraska, make that season a benediction. The cold winds are the only unpleasant feature of the cold season, but the settler easily gets accustomed to these and they are known to be the most effective conservators of health. They sweep away any possible malarial influence and leave the climate with every needed condition to normal health. The rare, invigorating, life-inspiring atmosphere gives remarkable brilliancy to the climate and leaves its impress upon every form of life. Men and animals move with quick, elastic step, and even the vegetable kingdom expresses the presence of these vitalizing forces in a wonderful degree. The streams are rapid; the plow runs to the water's edge; there are no stagnant pools to give off poisonous exhalations; the southwest winds sweep down from the snow-clad sierras across


JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA

135

an ocean of sweetest verdure, and the country is as healthful as any upon the green earth. There are no local conditions to generate or foster disease in men, animals or plants. Only life and health and the spirit of divine youth is evoked from the bright skies, clear atmosphere and pure water, of this superb climate. It is but simple justice to Nebraska to say that it is a poor country for doctors and physic, and comes very near to being a paradise for invalids. While it may not have the mildness or softness of the more humid climates of Florida, South Texas and Southern California, it has vastly more tone and vitalizing force. If the Gileads of the older lands have no value for the great army of their invalids, afflicted with incipient consumption, bronchial affections, asthma, dyspepsia and kindred ills, and will send them out to Nebraska, to camp out, ride in the saddle, hunt deer, antelope, prairie chickens and water-fowls, live upon their broiled flesh, drink sweet milk and grow sunbrowned and happy-hearted, the writer will warrant nine-tenths of them salvation from their ills in a dozen moons."

     The following tables, reported by Charles Dill, Sergeant in the U. S. Signal Service, will show the mean monthly temperature, highest and lowest temperature in each month, and monthly range, and amount of rainfall, at Omaha, Nebraska, for the period of years stated:

MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE.

DATE.
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

1874

22.3

23.4

33.8

45.1

66.6

73.2

80.0

77.3

63.0

54.0

36.0

28.4

1875

11.1

13.8

30.5

45.4

63.2

71.1

74.4

70.2

62.9

49.6

32.6

33.5

1876

26.8

30.1

29.3

51.3

63.6

68.6

75.1

75.4

60.0

50.3

33.2

19.2

1877

20.2

37.3

33.7

50.5

60.7

69.1

76.0

73.2

66.6

51.1

36.3

39.2

1878

28.9

36.9

48.1

55.0

58.5

68.4

79.1

77.9

64.3

52.5

44.0

21.8

1879

21.8

27.1

41.6

54.2

67.0

72.7

78.7

75.5

.....

.....

.....

.....


136

JOHNSON'S HISTORY OF NEBRASKA

MONTHLY AND ANNUAL AMOUNT OF RAINFALL, OR MELTED SNOW.

INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS.

DATE.
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

TOTAL.

1874

0.32

0.92

1.49

2.01

1.24

6.93

0.54

2.08

7.18

1.45

1.05

0.54

25.75

1875

0.26

0.51

1.24

3.06

4.25

10.95

10.01

7.77

2.55

1.16

0.13

1.00

42.89

1876

0.22

0.40

3.18

2.65

2.07

3.47

7.30

6.27

4.93

0.69

1.17

0.16

32.51

1877

0.53

0.44

1.26

6.24

8.62

8.36

0.96

3.13

2.05

5.86

1.36

2.14

40.95

1878

1.13

0.14

3.09

3.97

5.77

8.48

7.66

2.48

3.22

0.55

0.29

0.27

37.05

1879

0.07

0.93

2.17

1.77

5.53

4.09

3.17

1.51

....

....

....

....

HIGHEST AND LOWEST TEMPERATURE IN EACH MONTH, AND MONTHLY RANGE.

1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.

DATE.

Hi

Lo

Rg

Hi

Lo

Rg

Hi

Lo

Rg

Hi

Lo

Rg

Hi

Lo

Rg

Hi

Lo

Rg

Jan

47

9

56

43

10

62

58

2

60

59

16

75

51

0

51

62

22

84

Feb

45

6

51

40

16

56

65

10

75

61

12

49

61

9

52

60

9

69

March

57

10

47

75

1

76

64

4

68

74

1

73

80

22

58

82

3

79

April

85

21

64

81

21

60

81

29

52

77

22

55

82

34

48

80

14

66

May.

90

39

51

90

28

62

88

37

51

82

36

46

82

33

49

91

35

56

June

93

48

45

94

48

46

94

43

51

92

42

50

89

46

43

93

45

48

July

105

57

48

97

58

39

94

55

39

99

53

46

96

57

39

96

60

36

August

105

55

50

86

54

32

92

54

38

93

49

44

97

57

40

93

55

38

Sept

92

36

56

90

37

53

85

33

52

86

44

42

89

36

53

..

..

..

Oct

78

18

60

77

22

55

78

23

55

73

30

43

82

15

67

..

..

..

Nov

74

7

67

69

6

75

68

1

67

61

2

63

71

18

53

..

..

..

Dec

58

2

60

66

5

71

57

7

64

61

5

56

59

8

67

..

..

..


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