Leading Facts of American History

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lxxxii
LEADING FACTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Emancipation of negroes, petition for, 229-230

Federalists, the, 174, 177, 182, 191 (note)

   Frémont's proclamation of, 287 (note)

   downfall of the, 191 (note)

   Lincoln's letter to Greeley on, 303 (note)

Federation of Labor (1886), 355

   Lincoln's proclamation of (1863), 301

Field, Cyrus W., 334

   an advantage to the South, 301, 302

Fifteenth Amendment, the (1870), 333, 371. See

Embargo Act (1807), 196. See also Laws

  also Amendments

   effect on exports, 196

Filipinos (fil-i-pee'noze), 382

   effect on manufactures, 196

Fillmore, Millard, becomes President, 261

Emerson, R. W., 238

Finis (fi'nis), 88

Emigration to the Unit-ed States (1840-  ), 242

Fires, great (Boston, Chicago, San Francisco),

Emigration to the West (1825-  ), 216, 236, 256

  341, 399

  257, 266, 338, 339

   destruction of forests by, 341, 387

   of Mormons to Utah (1847), 242

   annual loss by, 341

   to California for gold (1849), 256, 257

Fisheries, cod, 71, 73, 82, 125, 135

   to Kansas (1854), 266

Fitch, John, inventor, 197 (note)

   See also Immigration and West

Flag, Endicott mutilates the British (colonial

Endicott, governor of Massachusetts (1628), 72

  period), 72

   cuts the cross out of the English flag, 72

   the "rattlesnake flag" (colonial period), 126

England's claim to America (1497), 156

   first, of the united colonies (1776), 159 (note)

   her need of America, 41, 72 (note)

   first, of the United States (1777), 159 (and note)

   plants colony of Virginia (1607), 45

   first United States, on a war ship (1777), 159

   general policy toward her colonies, 44,

     (and note)

     59, 52, 55, 56, 125, 126,134, 135, 161

   the "Star-Spangled Banner," 206-207 (and

   levies taxes without giving representation in

     note)

     Parliament, 135-137

   protects American vessels against search, 246

   offers representation, 161

   the North rallies for the (Civil War), 283

   See also America, Colonies, Revolution, Wars

   in the war for the Union, 282, 296

"Era of Good Feeling" (1817), 210

   "Rally round the flag, boys," 308

Ericson, Leif (life), discovers America (1000), 3

   hoisted in triumph over Sumter (1865), 325

Ericsson, Captain, 291 (note)

   the Confederate (Civil War), 277

Erie Canal completed (1825), 219-222

   veterans of North and South unite under the

Erskine (ers'kin), English ambassador, 199

     national, 383

Ether, Dr. Morton introduces (1846), 248

Florida, discovered (1513), 20

Exeter, New Hampshire, 82

   meaning of name, 21

Exhibition, World's Fair (1853), 263

   De Soto in, 23

   Centennial (1876), 342

   struggle of French and Spaniards for, 267

   New Orleans (1884), 351

   Spain cedes to England (1763), 123

   Columbian (1893), 363

   England cedes back to Spain (1783), 123

   Omaha (1898), 384

   Jackson in, 211

   Pan-American (1901), 391

   United States purchases (1819), 211

   Louisiana Purchase (1904), 393, 394

   Seminole wars in, 211, 236          [344

   Portland, Oregon (1905), 394

"Flying machine" (colonial period), 129 to-day,

   San Francisco (1915), 412

Foch (fush), Marshal, 420, 423-426, 429

Expansion of the United States, 193, 211, 249,

Food Act, Pure, 400, See also Laws

  252, 255, 278, 279, 334, 380, 381, 382

Food stuffs found in America, 39

Expansion of the United States, summary of

   great crops of, 384, 385, 413

  (1803-898), 382. See also Territory

   exports of, 368. See also Exports

Expenses of the national government, 385 (and

Foote, Commodore (Union), 294

  note), 398 (note)

Force Act, 340. See also Laws

   in the Civil War, 325 (and note). See also

Forests, extent of, 386 (note)

      Wars

   destruction of, 341, 387 (and note)

   See also United States

   preservation of, 387 (and note), 397

Exports, colonial, 47, 48, 59, 73, 100, 125

Fort Cumberland, 215

   restrictions on colonial, 55, 56

   Dearborn (Chicago), 237

   embargo on (1807), 196

   Donelson, 292

   great falling off in (1807), 196

   Duquesne (du-kane'), 119, 120, 121

   enormous increase in, 367, 368 (and note)

   Erie, 117

   See also Commerce, Navigation Laws, and

   Frontenac (fron-te-nak'), 111, 121

     Trade

   Henry, 292

Expositions. See Exhibitions

   Lee, 153, 154

Express system established (1839), 236 (and note)

   Louisburg, 115

Express, pony, to California (1860), 336

   McAllister, 321



   McHenry, 206

Fairs. See Exhibitions

   Monroe, 284

Faneuil (fan'el) Hall (Revolution), 137

   Moultrie, 149

Farms and farming at the West, 264, 339, 340,

   Necessity 119

  384-385

   Orange (Albany), 59

   cattle, or ranches (ran'cbez), 331)

   Pitt (Pittsburg), 121

   See also Agriculture and Crops

   Quebec, 121

Farragut, Admiral (Union), life of, 295 (note)

   Schuyler (sky'ler), 158

   takes New Orleans, 295-297

   Stanwix, 158

   enters Mobile Bay, 318

   Stony Point, 163

   is made admiral, 295 (note)

   Sullivan, 141)

INDEX
lxxxiii

Fort Sumter, 281, 325

French, build forts in West, 110, 113, 117

   Ticonderoga, 144, 148, 157

   found Mobile and New Orleans (1701, 1718),

   Venango (ve-nan'go), 117

     113

   Washington, 153, 154

   at St. Louis, 117

Forts, line of French (17th-18th centuries), 110,

   are conquered in Canada, 115, 116

  113, 117

   are driven out of Acadia, 120

"Fountain of youth," 20

   are conquered in the West, 121, 123

France, sends expedition to America (1524), 22

   See also Catholics, France, Huguenots, La-

   makes explorations in America (1535), 22

     fayette, and Wars

   plants colony at Quebec (1608), 47

Friends or Quakers, belief of the, 77-78

   in the West (1669-682), 109 112

   in Massachusetts, 77-79

   takes possession of Louisiana (1682), 112

   peculiarities of the, 77-78. See also Penn

   builds forts in America, 110, 113, 117

   and Quakers

   struggle of, with England for America (1689-

Frobisher's (fro'bish-er) voyages, 27

     1763), 114-124

Frontenac (fron-te-nak'), 111, 121

   loses American possessions (1763), 123

Fugitive slaves, laws respecting (1643), 76 (note)

   aids us in our war for independence, 160, 161,

   and Northwest Territory (1787), 172

     168

   and the Constitution, 174 (note)

   makes treaty with us (1778), 160

   law respecting (1793), 174 (note)

   our dispute with, after the Revolution, 182

   law respecting (1850), 260-261

   war with (1798), 188

   resistance to the law, 261

   sells us Louisiana (1803), 193, 194

   and "Underground Railroad," 261

   citizens of, give us Statue of Liberty (1886), 357

   "contrabands" (Civil War), 284

   See also Catholic Missionaries, French, Ge-

   See also Abolitionists, Negroes, and Slavery

     nêt, Huguenots, Lafayette, and Wars

Fulton's steamboat (1807), 197

Franklin, Benjamin, life of, 115 (note)

Fur trade, 37, 59, 82, 90, 195

   his writings, 131

   his almanac, 131

Gadsden purchase (1853), 255

   his electrical experiments, 131

"Gag rules" in Congress (slavery), 230

   his "key to the clouds," 132

Gage, British general (Revolution), 138, 140, 141,

   his picture of a snake, 119

  142, 144, 145, 146 (note)

   plan of union of the colonies (1754), 119

Galveston, 278

   and the Stamp Act, 136

   hurricane (1900), 399

   his letter to Strahan, 146, 147

Garfield, J. A., life of, 348 (note)

   and Declaration of Independence, 152

   presidency of, 348

   negotiates treaty with France, 160

   assassinated, 348, 349

   compared with Washington, 161

Garrison, W. Lloyd (loyd), publishes Liberator

   obtains money for the Revolution, 161 (and

  (1831), 228

     note)

   denounces the Constitution, 228 (note)

   fits out warships, 164

   mobbed, 229

   helps frame the Constitution (1787), 173

   See also Abolitionists and Slavery

Free silver," demand for, 347 (and note), 363

Gas, natural, 272

  (note), 366 (note), See also Coinage, Dollar,

Gaspee destroyed (Revolution), 138

  and Silver

Gates, General (Revolution), 160, 165

Free Soilers, 259

"Gates of the Rocky Mountains," 194

Free trade demanded by the South, 212, 231. See

"Gateway of the West," 117, 119

  also Tariff

Genêt (zlich-nay'), "Citizen," 182

Free Trade and Sailors' Rights (War of 1812),

Geneva Tribunal (1871), 344

  201

Geography, influence of, on our history, 31, 42

Freedmen, "contrabands" (Civil War), 284

George III, character and policy, 135

   or negroes (Civil War), 301

   resolves to tax the colonies, 135

   and reconstruction, 331, 333

   and Stamp Act, 136

   and "Carpetbaggers," 332

   and tea tax, 139

   work mischief at the South, 332

   proclaims America in rebellion, 149

   and "Ku Klux Klan," 340

   hires Hessians to fight, 150

   their power restricted, 332, 333

   statue pulled down (Revolution), 152

   progress made by the, 302, 352, 353

   acknowledges our independence, 170

   See also Amendments to Constitution' Eman-

   interview with John Adams, 170

     cipation, Negroes, Reconstruction, and

   See also the Revolution

     Suffrage

Germans in the American Revolution, 157

Freedom or worship, 90, 95, 104, 191 (note), 199

Gettysburg, celebration at (1913), 405

  (note). See also Religious Liberty

Gifts for the public, 353 (note), 388, 389 (and note)

Freight, cheap rates by canal, 221

Goethals (go'thalz), Colonel, George W., 410

Frémont, General, life of, 287 (note)

Government, of the colonies, 44, 47, 50, 62, 70, 73,

   in California (war with Mexico). 254

  80, 81, 85, 86, 88, 95, 99, 103, 104, 107, 126

   his proclamation of emancipation (Civil War),

   of cities, 341, 370

     287 (note)

   of states, 330, 371

French, the, name Montreal (1535), 22

   of Northwest Territory, 172

   try to plant colonies in the South (1562, 1564),

   of the United States, 170-179, 330-333

     25-26

   See also Colonies, Confederation, Congress,

   found Quebec (1608), 47

     Constitutions, Reconstruction, Secession,

   explore the West (1%9-632), 109-112

     State Rights, State Sovereignty, Union,

   take possession of Louisiana (1632), 112

     and United States

lxxxiv
LEADING FACTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Government offices, 349 (and note)

Harrison, General W. H., his presidential cam-

   See also Civil Service, civil service Reform,

  paign (1840), 245

     and "Spoils System"

   presidency of, 244

"Grand Model," the (colonial period), 99

Hartford Convention, the (1814), 208

Grant, General U. S., life of, 292 (note)

Hartford founded (1636), 85

   in Mexican War, 255

Harvard, Rev. John (colonial period), 75

   what he said of the Mexican War, 255 (note)

Harvard University founded (1636), 75, 76

   in the Civil War, 292, 294, 306, 309-315, 324,

Harvesters on great farms, 264, 340

     325, 329

Haverhill attacked by Indians (colonial period),

   "unconditional surrender," demands, 294

  114

   takes Forts Donelson and Henry (1862), 294

Hawaii (hah-wy'ee) annexed (1898), 380 (and note)

   victory at Pittsburg Landing, 294

Hay, Secretary John, and China, 389, 401

   moves against Vicksburg, 306

Hayes, R. B., life of, 345 (note)

   takes Vicksburg (1863), 306-307

   his election disputed, 345

   in Tennessee, 309

   presidency of, 345

   made general in chief (1864), 309

   withdraws troops from South, 345

   and Sherman's "hammering campaign,"

   vetoes silver coinage bill, 347

     (1864), 310

   the silver coinage bill is passed over his veto,

   advances on Richmond, 312

     347

   in battles of the Wilderness, 3 10

Hayne, senator from South Carolina, 232

   sends Sheridan to the Shenandoah valley, 3 -4

   debate with Daniel Webster (1830), 232

   siege of Petersburg, 312

Health saving, 394, 400

   takes Petersburg, 324

"Heaven helps those who help themselves,"

   receives Lee's surrender (1965), 325

  131

   his tribute to the Confederates, 327

Hennepin, Father, explorer, 112

   presidency of, 336

Henry, Patrick (Revolution), 137, 140

   tomb of, 368

Henry letters, the (War of 1812), 200

Gray, Captain Robert, in Oregon (1792), 195

Herkimer (her'ke-mer), General (Revolution), 158

"Great American Desert," 384

Hesse (hess), Germany, 150

"Great Law," the (colonial period), 103-104

Hessians (hes'shuns) (Revolution), 150, 155

Greeley, Horace, 260, 303 (note)

"Higher Law," the, and slavery, 261

   Lincoln's letter to, 303 (note)

Hindenburg, Hindenburg Line, 4-9, 430

"Green Mountain Boys" (Revolution), 144

Historians, some American, 238

"Greenbacks" in the Civil War, 286, 347 (and

Holmes, O. W., poet, 238

  note), 348

"Holy Experiment," William Permits, lot

   why so called, 347 (note)

Homestead Act (1862), 338, 384. See also Land

   become equal to gold, 348

  and Laws

   redeemed in gold (1879), 348

Hood, General (Confederate), 316, 321

   See also Money

Hooker, General (Union), 300, 302, 309

Greene, General (Revolution), 166

Hooker, Rev. Thomas (colonial period), 84

   in the South, 166-167

"Hot Stuff," song (colonial period), 121 (and note)

   helped by Mrs. Steele, 166

Houston (hoos'tun), General Sam, 249

   campaign in the Carolinas 166-167

Howe, British general, 144, 145, 146 (and note),

Guam (gwam) annexed, 380,381

  153, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162 (note)

Guerriére (gair-re-air') taken by the Constitution,

Howe, Lord, British admiral, 153, 162 (note)

  202. See also Battles

Hudson, Henry, explorer (1609), 58, 59

Guiteau (ge-toe'), assassin, 348

Hudson River named, 58

Huguenots (hue'ge-nots), come to America, 25-27

Hague (hag) Peace Conference Treaty (1900),389

   encounter with the Spaniards, 26-27

"Hail Columbia," song, 188

   settle in Charleston, 98

Haiti (hay'te), island of, 12

   illustrious descendants of the, 98

Hale, Captain Nathan (Revolution), 154

Hull, Captain Isaac (War of 1812), 202

Halleck, General (Union), life of, 292 (note)

Hull, General William (War of 1812), 201, 202

   in Civil War, 287, 292

Hurricane at Galveston (1900), 399

Hamilton, Alexander, life of, 175 (note)

Hussey reaper, the, 264 (note)

   and the Constitution, 175

Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne (colonial period), 74,

   first Secretary, of the Treasury, 178

  75, 82

   financial policy of, 179, 180

   plan for paying national debt, 179

Iberville, founder of Mobile (1701), 113

   established the credit of the nation, 179

Idaho, 252, 359, 360

   and the United States Bank, 180

Illinois, 163, 173, 237

   leader of the Federalist party, 182

Immigrants, two classes of, 243

   shot by Aaron Burr, 197

Immigration, 242-244

Hancock, General (Union), 305

   restrictions on, 243 (and note)

   John (Revolution) 141, 142, 150, 152

   See also Chinese and Emigration

Harding, Warren G., President (1921), 432, 434

Impeachment of President Johnson, 332

Hamden, W. F., founder of express system (1839),

Impressment of American sailors, 196, 201

  236 (and note)

   given Up, 207

Harrison, Benjamin, life of, 359 (note)

Improvements, internal, 234,245 (note). See also

   presidency of, 359

  Canals, Roads, Railways, Telegraph

Harrison, General W. H., life of, 244 (note)

Independence, not at first desired by Washington.

   at Tippecanoe (1811), 200

  149

   in War of 1812, 204

   Declaration of (1776), 150, 152

INDEX
lxxxv

Independence, war for. See Wars

"Internal improvements," 234, 245 (note). See

  See also the Declaration, with Introduction

  also Canals, Railways, Roads, Telegraph

    and Notes, in Appendix

Interstate Commerce Act (1887), 358. See also

Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 150, 152

  Laws

Independence of America, secured (1783), 170

"Intolerable Acts," the (1774), 140. See also Laws

   secured on the sea (1814), 208

  of Parliament

Independent character of the colonists, 126, 161,

Inventions, 184, 185 (note), 197, 222, 223, 247, 248

  162

  (and note), 249 (note), 263, 264 (and note), 291

   treasury system (1846), 240, 241 (and note)

  (note), 143,361,.362 (note), 411 (and note). See

Indiana, 163, 173

  also Aëroplane, Cotton Gin, Electricity, Exhibi-

Indianapolis, 278

  tions, Harvesters, Mowers, Patents, Printing

Indians, why so called, 12

  Press, Reapers, Steamboats, Steam Shovels,

   small number of, 32

  Submarine, Telegraph, Telephone

   the Algonquins (al-gon'quins), 32

Irish, Scotch-, in the colonies, 82, 124

   the Iroquois (ir-o-kwoi'), or Six Nations, 32,

Iron and steel manufacture, 121, 185 (note), 352,

     38, 117 note), 119, 122, 132, 157, 163

  357, 367

   the, described, 32

Iroquois (ir-o-kwoi') Indians, 32. See also In-

   mode of life, 33

  dians

   moccasins, snowshoes, canoes, 33

Irrigation of desert lands, 242, 339 (note), 384

   their wampum, or money, 34

  (note), 386, 397

   tobacco, 29, 39

Irving, Washington, 237

   mode of government, 34, 35

Islands owned by the United States, 380, 381

   religion, 35

Isthmian Canal, 22, 390, 391, 395

   character, 35

   totems, 35

Jackson, General Andrew, life of, 226

   self-control and endurance of pain, 36

   victory at Tohopeka, 205

   torture of captives, 36

   victory at New Orleans (1815), 207

   respect for courage, 36

   victory over the Seminoles, 211

   John Stark's adventure among, 36

   presidency of, 226

   kept their treaties, 37, 70, 79, -04 (and note)

   his removals from office, 227

   effect of strong drink on, 59

   and the "spoils system," 227-228

   what they taught the colonists, 37

   and the United States Bank, 230

   influence of, on our history, 37, 38

   mid nullification, 234

   Catholic missionaries work among, log

   and the preservation of the Union, 234

   Canadian, help the French, 114

Jackson, "Stonewall" (Confederate), 255, 288,

   Iroquois, help colonists against French, 38,

  298, 302

   119, 132

Jamestown, Virginia, settled (1607), 45

   in the Revolution, 157, 158, 163

   colony of, 45-58

   land cessions by the, 59, 60, 117 (note), 183,

   burned by Bacon (1676), 57

     205

Japan, M. C. Perry's treaty with (1854), 264

   treaties with the, 37, 65, 70, 79, -04, 183

   peace with, 4-1

   wars with the, 56, 71, 79, 85, 87 (note), 114-

   emigration from, to America, 243

     116, 120, 122, 123, 157, 183, 200, 205, 210, 236,

   treaty with Russia (1905), 398

     237, 344. See also Wars

   agreement made with (1908), 401

   Captain John Smith and the, 46

   Jasper, Sergeant (Revolution), 149

   Carver and Massasoit (mas-sa-soit'), 70

Jay, John., first chief justice, 178

   Bradford and Canonicus, 70, 71

   treaty with England (1795), 187

   Eliot's work among the, 76, 79

Jefferson, Thomas, life of, 191 (note)

   King Philip, noted chief, 79

   drafts the Declaration of Independence, 152

   massacres by the, 114, 163, 205

   first Secretary of State, 178

   Mrs. Dustin and the, 115

   presidency of, 191

   Myles Standish and the, 71

   his removals from office, 192

   Penn and the, 101, 104

   purchases province of Louisiana (1803), 193

   Quakers of New Jersey and the, 65, 66

   greatly loved by his slaves, 198

   Roger Williams and the, 74, 93, 94

   what he said about slavery, 198

   See also Battles, Coronado, De Soto, Osceola,

   leader of the Democrats, 191 (note)

     Pequots, Pocahontas, Pontiac, Powhatan,

   his epitaph by himself, 191 (note)

     Seminoles, Tecumseh, Wars

Jerry, fugitive, rescued, 261

Indies, trade of Europe with (15th-17th centuries),

Jesuit missionaries in the West, log

  4, 15, 28, 39, 44

Jews forbidden to vote (colonial period), 95

   attempts to reach by sea, 4-5, 15, 18, 27, 28,

"John Brown's body," song, 273

     44,58

Johnson, Andrew, life of, 328 (note)

America supposed to be part of, 12

   becomes President, 328

Indies, the West, why so named, 12

   quarrels with Congress, 330, 332

   commerce with the, 73, 107, 108, 134, 135

   impeached but acquitted, 333

Indigo culture in South Carolina (colonial pe-

Johnston, General A. S. (Confederate), 304

  riod), 200

Johnston, General J. E. Confederate), 286 (note),

"Industrial Amy," Coxey's (1894), 364

  306, 310, 316, 324, 327

Ingle, Captain (colonial period), 90

Joliet (jo'le-et) and Marquette's (mar-ket') expe-

Initiative in legislation, 371 (note)

  dition (1673), 109

Insurrection of slaves (1831), 229

Jones, Captain Paul (Revolution), 153, 159 (note)

Intemperance in early times, 224. See also Pro-

  164

  hibition and Temperance

jury, trial by (colonial period), 126

Emancipation of negroes, petition for, 229-230	Federalists, the, 174, 177, 182, 191 (note)
Frémont's proclamation of, 287 (note)	downfall of the, 191 (note)
Lincoln's letter to Greeley on, 303 (note)	Federation of Labor (1886), 355
Lincoln's proclamation of (1863), 301	Field, Cyrus W., 334
an advantage to the South, 301, 302	Fifteenth Amendment, the (1870), 333, 371. See
Embargo Act (1807), 196. See also Laws	also Amendments
effect on exports, 196	Filipinos (fil-i-pee'noze), 382
effect on manufactures, 196	Fillmore, Millard, becomes President, 261
Emerson, R. W., 238	Finis (fi'nis), 88
Emigration to the Unit-ed States (1840- ), 242	Fires, great (Boston, Chicago, San Francisco),
Emigration to the West (1825- ), 216, 236, 256	341, 399
257, 266, 338, 339	destruction of forests by, 341, 387
of Mormons to Utah (1847), 242	annual loss by, 341
to California for gold (1849), 256, 257	Fisheries, cod, 71, 73, 82, 125, 135
to Kansas (1854), 266	Fitch, John, inventor, 197 (note)
See also Immigration and West	Flag, Endicott mutilates the British (colonial
Endicott, governor of Massachusetts (1628), 72	period), 72
cuts the cross out of the English flag, 72	the "rattlesnake flag" (colonial period), 126
England's claim to America (1497), 156	first, of the united colonies (1776), 159 (note)
her need of America, 41, 72 (note)	first, of the United States (1777), 159 (and note)
plants colony of Virginia (1607), 45	first United States, on a war ship (1777), 159
general policy toward her colonies, 44,	(and note)
59, 52, 55, 56, 125, 126,134, 135, 161	the "Star-Spangled Banner," 206-207 (and
levies taxes without giving representation in	note)
Parliament, 135-137	protects American vessels against search, 246
offers representation, 161	the North rallies for the (Civil War), 283
See also America, Colonies, Revolution, Wars	in the war for the Union, 282, 296
"Era of Good Feeling" (1817), 210	"Rally round the flag, boys," 308
Ericson, Leif (life), discovers America (1000), 3	hoisted in triumph over Sumter (1865), 325
Ericsson, Captain, 291 (note)	the Confederate (Civil War), 277
Erie Canal completed (1825), 219-222	veterans of North and South unite under the
Erskine (ers'kin), English ambassador, 199	national, 383
Ether, Dr. Morton introduces (1846), 248	Florida, discovered (1513), 20
Exeter, New Hampshire, 82	meaning of name, 21
Exhibition, World's Fair (1853), 263	De Soto in, 23
Centennial (1876), 342	struggle of French and Spaniards for, 267
New Orleans (1884), 351	Spain cedes to England (1763), 123
Columbian (1893), 363	England cedes back to Spain (1783), 123
Omaha (1898), 384	Jackson in, 211
Pan-American (1901), 391	United States purchases (1819), 211
Louisiana Purchase (1904), 393, 394	Seminole wars in, 211, 236 [344
Portland, Oregon (1905), 394	"Flying machine" (colonial period), 129 to-day,
San Francisco (1915), 412	Foch (fush), Marshal, 420, 423-426, 429
Expansion of the United States, 193, 211, 249,	Food Act, Pure, 400, See also Laws
252, 255, 278, 279, 334, 380, 381, 382	Food stuffs found in America, 39
Expansion of the United States, summary of	great crops of, 384, 385, 413
(1803-898), 382. See also Territory	exports of, 368. See also Exports
Expenses of the national government, 385 (and	Foote, Commodore (Union), 294
note), 398 (note)	Force Act, 340. See also Laws
in the Civil War, 325 (and note). See also	Forests, extent of, 386 (note)

Wars	destruction of, 341, 387 (and note)
See also United States	preservation of, 387 (and note), 397
Exports, colonial, 47, 48, 59, 73, 100, 125	Fort Cumberland, 215
restrictions on colonial, 55, 56	Dearborn (Chicago), 237
embargo on (1807), 196	Donelson, 292
great falling off in (1807), 196	Duquesne (du-kane'), 119, 120, 121
enormous increase in, 367, 368 (and note)	Erie, 117
See also Commerce, Navigation Laws, and	Frontenac (fron-te-nak'), 111, 121
Trade	Henry, 292
Expositions. See Exhibitions	Lee, 153, 154
Express system established (1839), 236 (and note)	Louisburg, 115
Express, pony, to California (1860), 336	McAllister, 321
	McHenry, 206
Fairs. See Exhibitions	Monroe, 284
Faneuil (fan'el) Hall (Revolution), 137	Moultrie, 149
Farms and farming at the West, 264, 339, 340,	Necessity 119
384-385	Orange (Albany), 59
cattle, or ranches (ran'cbez), 331)	Pitt (Pittsburg), 121
See also Agriculture and Crops	Quebec, 121
Farragut, Admiral (Union), life of, 295 (note)	Schuyler (sky'ler), 158
takes New Orleans, 295-297	Stanwix, 158
enters Mobile Bay, 318	Stony Point, 163
is made admiral, 295 (note)	Sullivan, 141)

Fort Sumter, 281, 325	French, build forts in West, 110, 113, 117
Ticonderoga, 144, 148, 157	found Mobile and New Orleans (1701, 1718),
Venango (ve-nan'go), 117	113
Washington, 153, 154	at St. Louis, 117
Forts, line of French (17th-18th centuries), 110,	are conquered in Canada, 115, 116
113, 117	are driven out of Acadia, 120
"Fountain of youth," 20	are conquered in the West, 121, 123
France, sends expedition to America (1524), 22	See also Catholics, France, Huguenots, La-
makes explorations in America (1535), 22	fayette, and Wars
plants colony at Quebec (1608), 47	Friends or Quakers, belief of the, 77-78
in the West (1669-682), 109 112	in Massachusetts, 77-79
takes possession of Louisiana (1682), 112	peculiarities of the, 77-78. See also Penn
builds forts in America, 110, 113, 117	and Quakers
struggle of, with England for America (1689-	Frobisher's (fro'bish-er) voyages, 27
1763), 114-124	Frontenac (fron-te-nak'), 111, 121
loses American possessions (1763), 123	Fugitive slaves, laws respecting (1643), 76 (note)
aids us in our war for independence, 160, 161,	and Northwest Territory (1787), 172
168	and the Constitution, 174 (note)
makes treaty with us (1778), 160	law respecting (1793), 174 (note)
our dispute with, after the Revolution, 182	law respecting (1850), 260-261
war with (1798), 188	resistance to the law, 261
sells us Louisiana (1803), 193, 194	and "Underground Railroad," 261
citizens of, give us Statue of Liberty (1886), 357	"contrabands" (Civil War), 284
See also Catholic Missionaries, French, Ge-	See also Abolitionists, Negroes, and Slavery
nêt, Huguenots, Lafayette, and Wars	Fulton's steamboat (1807), 197
Franklin, Benjamin, life of, 115 (note)	Fur trade, 37, 59, 82, 90, 195
his writings, 131
his almanac, 131	Gadsden purchase (1853), 255
his electrical experiments, 131	"Gag rules" in Congress (slavery), 230
his "key to the clouds," 132	Gage, British general (Revolution), 138, 140, 141,
his picture of a snake, 119	142, 144, 145, 146 (note)
plan of union of the colonies (1754), 119	Galveston, 278
and the Stamp Act, 136	hurricane (1900), 399
his letter to Strahan, 146, 147	Garfield, J. A., life of, 348 (note)
and Declaration of Independence, 152	presidency of, 348
negotiates treaty with France, 160	assassinated, 348, 349
compared with Washington, 161	Garrison, W. Lloyd (loyd), publishes Liberator
obtains money for the Revolution, 161 (and	(1831), 228
note)	denounces the Constitution, 228 (note)
fits out warships, 164	mobbed, 229
helps frame the Constitution (1787), 173	See also Abolitionists and Slavery
Free silver," demand for, 347 (and note), 363	Gas, natural, 272
(note), 366 (note), See also Coinage, Dollar,	Gaspee destroyed (Revolution), 138
and Silver	Gates, General (Revolution), 160, 165
Free Soilers, 259	"Gates of the Rocky Mountains," 194
Free trade demanded by the South, 212, 231. See	"Gateway of the West," 117, 119
also Tariff	Genêt (zlich-nay'), "Citizen," 182
Free Trade and Sailors' Rights (War of 1812),	Geneva Tribunal (1871), 344
201	Geography, influence of, on our history, 31, 42
Freedmen, "contrabands" (Civil War), 284	George III, character and policy, 135

or negroes (Civil War), 301	resolves to tax the colonies, 135
and reconstruction, 331, 333	and Stamp Act, 136
and "Carpetbaggers," 332	and tea tax, 139
work mischief at the South, 332	proclaims America in rebellion, 149
and "Ku Klux Klan," 340	hires Hessians to fight, 150
their power restricted, 332, 333	statue pulled down (Revolution), 152
progress made by the, 302, 352, 353	acknowledges our independence, 170
See also Amendments to Constitution' Eman-	interview with John Adams, 170
cipation, Negroes, Reconstruction, and	See also the Revolution
Suffrage	Germans in the American Revolution, 157
Freedom or worship, 90, 95, 104, 191 (note), 199	Gettysburg, celebration at (1913), 405
(note). See also Religious Liberty	Gifts for the public, 353 (note), 388, 389 (and note)
Freight, cheap rates by canal, 221	Goethals (go'thalz), Colonel, George W., 410
Frémont, General, life of, 287 (note)	Government, of the colonies, 44, 47, 50, 62, 70, 73,
in California (war with Mexico). 254	80, 81, 85, 86, 88, 95, 99, 103, 104, 107, 126
his proclamation of emancipation (Civil War),	of cities, 341, 370
287 (note)	of states, 330, 371
French, the, name Montreal (1535), 22	of Northwest Territory, 172
try to plant colonies in the South (1562, 1564),	of the United States, 170-179, 330-333
25-26	See also Colonies, Confederation, Congress,
found Quebec (1608), 47	Constitutions, Reconstruction, Secession,
explore the West (1%9-632), 109-112	State Rights, State Sovereignty, Union,
take possession of Louisiana (1632), 112	and United States

Government offices, 349 (and note)	Harrison, General W. H., his presidential cam-
See also Civil Service, civil service Reform,	paign (1840), 245
and "Spoils System"	presidency of, 244
"Grand Model," the (colonial period), 99	Hartford Convention, the (1814), 208
Grant, General U. S., life of, 292 (note)	Hartford founded (1636), 85
in Mexican War, 255	Harvard, Rev. John (colonial period), 75
what he said of the Mexican War, 255 (note)	Harvard University founded (1636), 75, 76
in the Civil War, 292, 294, 306, 309-315, 324,	Harvesters on great farms, 264, 340
325, 329	Haverhill attacked by Indians (colonial period),
"unconditional surrender," demands, 294	114
takes Forts Donelson and Henry (1862), 294	Hawaii (hah-wy'ee) annexed (1898), 380 (and note)
victory at Pittsburg Landing, 294	Hay, Secretary John, and China, 389, 401
moves against Vicksburg, 306	Hayes, R. B., life of, 345 (note)
takes Vicksburg (1863), 306-307	his election disputed, 345
in Tennessee, 309	presidency of, 345
made general in chief (1864), 309	withdraws troops from South, 345
and Sherman's "hammering campaign,"	vetoes silver coinage bill, 347
(1864), 310	the silver coinage bill is passed over his veto,
advances on Richmond, 312	347
in battles of the Wilderness, 3 10	Hayne, senator from South Carolina, 232
sends Sheridan to the Shenandoah valley, 3 -4	debate with Daniel Webster (1830), 232
siege of Petersburg, 312	Health saving, 394, 400
takes Petersburg, 324	"Heaven helps those who help themselves,"
receives Lee's surrender (1965), 325	131
his tribute to the Confederates, 327	Hennepin, Father, explorer, 112
presidency of, 336	Henry, Patrick (Revolution), 137, 140
tomb of, 368	Henry letters, the (War of 1812), 200
Gray, Captain Robert, in Oregon (1792), 195	Herkimer (her'ke-mer), General (Revolution), 158
"Great American Desert," 384	Hesse (hess), Germany, 150
"Great Law," the (colonial period), 103-104	Hessians (hes'shuns) (Revolution), 150, 155
Greeley, Horace, 260, 303 (note)	"Higher Law," the, and slavery, 261
Lincoln's letter to, 303 (note)	Hindenburg, Hindenburg Line, 4-9, 430
"Green Mountain Boys" (Revolution), 144	Historians, some American, 238
"Greenbacks" in the Civil War, 286, 347 (and	Holmes, O. W., poet, 238
note), 348	"Holy Experiment," William Permits, lot
why so called, 347 (note)	Homestead Act (1862), 338, 384. See also Land
become equal to gold, 348	and Laws
redeemed in gold (1879), 348	Hood, General (Confederate), 316, 321
See also Money	Hooker, General (Union), 300, 302, 309
Greene, General (Revolution), 166	Hooker, Rev. Thomas (colonial period), 84
in the South, 166-167	"Hot Stuff," song (colonial period), 121 (and note)
helped by Mrs. Steele, 166	Houston (hoos'tun), General Sam, 249
campaign in the Carolinas 166-167	Howe, British general, 144, 145, 146 (and note),
Guam (gwam) annexed, 380,381	153, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162 (note)
Guerriére (gair-re-air') taken by the Constitution,	Howe, Lord, British admiral, 153, 162 (note)
202. See also Battles	Hudson, Henry, explorer (1609), 58, 59
Guiteau (ge-toe'), assassin, 348	Hudson River named, 58
	Huguenots (hue'ge-nots), come to America, 25-27
Hague (hag) Peace Conference Treaty (1900),389	encounter with the Spaniards, 26-27
"Hail Columbia," song, 188	settle in Charleston, 98

Haiti (hay'te), island of, 12	illustrious descendants of the, 98
Hale, Captain Nathan (Revolution), 154	Hull, Captain Isaac (War of 1812), 202
Halleck, General (Union), life of, 292 (note)	Hull, General William (War of 1812), 201, 202
in Civil War, 287, 292	Hurricane at Galveston (1900), 399
Hamilton, Alexander, life of, 175 (note)	Hussey reaper, the, 264 (note)
and the Constitution, 175	Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne (colonial period), 74,
first Secretary, of the Treasury, 178	75, 82
financial policy of, 179, 180
plan for paying national debt, 179	Iberville, founder of Mobile (1701), 113
established the credit of the nation, 179	Idaho, 252, 359, 360
and the United States Bank, 180	Illinois, 163, 173, 237
leader of the Federalist party, 182	Immigrants, two classes of, 243
shot by Aaron Burr, 197	Immigration, 242-244
Hancock, General (Union), 305	restrictions on, 243 (and note)
John (Revolution) 141, 142, 150, 152	See also Chinese and Emigration
Harding, Warren G., President (1921), 432, 434	Impeachment of President Johnson, 332
Hamden, W. F., founder of express system (1839),	Impressment of American sailors, 196, 201
236 (and note)	given Up, 207
Harrison, Benjamin, life of, 359 (note)	Improvements, internal, 234,245 (note). See also
presidency of, 359	Canals, Roads, Railways, Telegraph
Harrison, General W. H., life of, 244 (note)	Independence, not at first desired by Washington.
at Tippecanoe (1811), 200	149
in War of 1812, 204	Declaration of (1776), 150, 152

Independence, war for. See Wars	"Internal improvements," 234, 245 (note). See
See also the Declaration, with Introduction	also Canals, Railways, Roads, Telegraph
and Notes, in Appendix	Interstate Commerce Act (1887), 358. See also
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 150, 152	Laws
Independence of America, secured (1783), 170	"Intolerable Acts," the (1774), 140. See also Laws
secured on the sea (1814), 208	of Parliament
Independent character of the colonists, 126, 161,	Inventions, 184, 185 (note), 197, 222, 223, 247, 248
162	(and note), 249 (note), 263, 264 (and note), 291
treasury system (1846), 240, 241 (and note)	(note), 143,361,.362 (note), 411 (and note). See
Indiana, 163, 173	also Aëroplane, Cotton Gin, Electricity, Exhibi-
Indianapolis, 278	tions, Harvesters, Mowers, Patents, Printing
Indians, why so called, 12	Press, Reapers, Steamboats, Steam Shovels,
small number of, 32	Submarine, Telegraph, Telephone
the Algonquins (al-gon'quins), 32	Irish, Scotch-, in the colonies, 82, 124
the Iroquois (ir-o-kwoi'), or Six Nations, 32,	Iron and steel manufacture, 121, 185 (note), 352,
38, 117 note), 119, 122, 132, 157, 163	357, 367
the, described, 32	Iroquois (ir-o-kwoi') Indians, 32. See also In-
mode of life, 33	dians
moccasins, snowshoes, canoes, 33	Irrigation of desert lands, 242, 339 (note), 384
their wampum, or money, 34	(note), 386, 397
tobacco, 29, 39	Irving, Washington, 237
mode of government, 34, 35	Islands owned by the United States, 380, 381
religion, 35	Isthmian Canal, 22, 390, 391, 395
character, 35
totems, 35	Jackson, General Andrew, life of, 226
self-control and endurance of pain, 36	victory at Tohopeka, 205
torture of captives, 36	victory at New Orleans (1815), 207
respect for courage, 36	victory over the Seminoles, 211
John Stark's adventure among, 36	presidency of, 226
kept their treaties, 37, 70, 79, -04 (and note)	his removals from office, 227
effect of strong drink on, 59	and the "spoils system," 227-228
what they taught the colonists, 37	and the United States Bank, 230
influence of, on our history, 37, 38	mid nullification, 234
Catholic missionaries work among, log	and the preservation of the Union, 234
Canadian, help the French, 114	Jackson, "Stonewall" (Confederate), 255, 288,
Iroquois, help colonists against French, 38,	298, 302
119, 132	Jamestown, Virginia, settled (1607), 45
in the Revolution, 157, 158, 163	colony of, 45-58
land cessions by the, 59, 60, 117 (note), 183,	burned by Bacon (1676), 57
205	Japan, M. C. Perry's treaty with (1854), 264
treaties with the, 37, 65, 70, 79, -04, 183	peace with, 4-1
wars with the, 56, 71, 79, 85, 87 (note), 114-	emigration from, to America, 243
116, 120, 122, 123, 157, 183, 200, 205, 210, 236,	treaty with Russia (1905), 398
237, 344. See also Wars	agreement made with (1908), 401
Captain John Smith and the, 46	Jasper, Sergeant (Revolution), 149
Carver and Massasoit (mas-sa-soit'), 70	Jay, John., first chief justice, 178
Bradford and Canonicus, 70, 71	treaty with England (1795), 187
Eliot's work among the, 76, 79	Jefferson, Thomas, life of, 191 (note)
King Philip, noted chief, 79	drafts the Declaration of Independence, 152
massacres by the, 114, 163, 205	first Secretary of State, 178

Mrs. Dustin and the, 115	presidency of, 191
Myles Standish and the, 71	his removals from office, 192
Penn and the, 101, 104	purchases province of Louisiana (1803), 193
Quakers of New Jersey and the, 65, 66	greatly loved by his slaves, 198
Roger Williams and the, 74, 93, 94	what he said about slavery, 198
See also Battles, Coronado, De Soto, Osceola,	leader of the Democrats, 191 (note)
Pequots, Pocahontas, Pontiac, Powhatan,	his epitaph by himself, 191 (note)
Seminoles, Tecumseh, Wars	Jerry, fugitive, rescued, 261
Indies, trade of Europe with (15th-17th centuries),	Jesuit missionaries in the West, log
4, 15, 28, 39, 44	Jews forbidden to vote (colonial period), 95
attempts to reach by sea, 4-5, 15, 18, 27, 28,	"John Brown's body," song, 273
44,58	Johnson, Andrew, life of, 328 (note)
America supposed to be part of, 12	becomes President, 328
Indies, the West, why so named, 12	quarrels with Congress, 330, 332
commerce with the, 73, 107, 108, 134, 135	impeached but acquitted, 333
Indigo culture in South Carolina (colonial pe-	Johnston, General A. S. (Confederate), 304
riod), 200	Johnston, General J. E. Confederate), 286 (note),
"Industrial Amy," Coxey's (1894), 364	306, 310, 316, 324, 327
Ingle, Captain (colonial period), 90	Joliet (jo'le-et) and Marquette's (mar-ket') expe-
Initiative in legislation, 371 (note)	dition (1673), 109
Insurrection of slaves (1831), 229	Jones, Captain Paul (Revolution), 153, 159 (note)
Intemperance in early times, 224. See also Pro-	164
hibition and Temperance	jury, trial by (colonial period), 126