Krug, at Oswego, Ill.; after a union marked by its true domesticity she died, and left him with two children, one of whom is still living. A second alliance was entered into in Grundy County, in the year 1854, with Barbara Krug, a sister of his first wife. This lady was born in Bavaria, and came to this country with her parents when quite small and settled in Illinois, where they died, and where she met and married her husband. In 1874 G. L. Fischer, wife and family, came to Nebraska and located in the Big Blue Precinct, Saline County and there continued until his death, and was fairly prosperous. His wife is still living upon the homestead, which comprises about 200 acres.
   Our subject was born and reared in Grundy County, Ill., on the 20th of January, 1859, and was the fourth of nine children born to his mother; several of them are now dead. He there made his home until about 1874, when he came to Nebraska, where his education was finished, and in due time he married. This most important step, which time has proved to have been a right and happy one, was taken Oct. 2, 1882, in Saline County. The lady of his choice was Amelia Hollman, who was born in Clayton County, Iowa, in 1865. She was less than one year old when her father and mother came to Nebraska and took up their farm at Olive Branch. Upon this she was reared, and educated at the neighboring school-house, and at that home she was married.
   Our subject and his wife have been made to recognize the felicitous experience of a complete home, three children having been born to them: Clara Melia, the eldest, was born Sept. 20, 1883; her sister, Alma L., was born Aug. 11, 1885; besides these there is an infant. Almer A., born June 8, 1888. Our subject and wife are earnest and energetic members of the German Methodist Episcopal Church, and are among the most consistent and devoted of the communion, at all times prepared to do anything in their power for the advancement of the cause.
   In political circles our subject is always solid for the Republican party, and unwaveringly lends his influence and gives his suffrage to that party, by which he is acknowledged as one of the stanch and reliable citizens. In outside circles, as well as in those religious and political, both he and his family are highly esteemed and respected, and we do not hesitate to affirm that it is more than possible that Lancaster County, and possibly the State, may yet be proud of the service that may be rendered by Mr. Fischer.

ENRY HANENKAMP is a public-spirited, genial farmer, residing on section 15, Centerville Precinct. He is a son of Henry and Mary Hanenkamp, natives of Germany, in which country he was born on the 28th of March, 1857, being the second eldest son in his father's family. While in Germany, death bereaved him of his mother in the year 1864, and in 1872, with his father and other members of the family, he emigrated to America. Taking passage on a steamer at Bremen, after a voyage of sixteen days they entered the harbor of New York. The family came to Mason County, Ill., where our subject grew to manhood.
   On the 3d of November, 1878, our subject married Miss Margaret Kramer, by whom he had two children: Adolph, who was born on the 27th of August. 1879, and Margaret, who was born March 10, 1881. While Margaret was but a tiny babe her mother died, on the 13th of March, 1881, leaving her to the care of her father.
   Through the medium of the schools and by taking a general course of reading, our subject was enabled to acquire a very fair education, and being obliged to depend on his own labor, he made use of the education which he had acquired, and his knowledge of men and business, endeavoring to work to the best advantage, so that he can justly claim to have made all the property that he possesses by his own energy, frugality and good management.
   Leaving Illinois, our subject came to Lancaster County, Neb., in the spring of 1884, where he now owns 160 acres of good land, on which he has made many improvements, and which yields him very fair results. He deserves very much credit for having manfully taken the shaping of his own fortune and the preparation for the future comfort of his family into his own hands and keeping, and he may

well be termed in the truest sense of the word a self-made man.
   Our subject is a member of the Lutheran Church, and to the best of his knowledge and ability he tries to follow the teachings of the most noted of Reformers of his own country--Martin Luther. In politics, he coincides with the views and principles of the Democratic party, and in matters of general advancement and improvement he takes an active interest.

RTHUR E. BOWERS, a leading farmer and stock-raiser of Yankee Hill Precinct, occupies an honorable position among the intelligent and enterprising citizens of the county, who, by their energetic and well-directed labors, have been largely instrumental in placing it in the foremost ranks as a great agricultural and commercial center. Mr. Bowers was born in the State of New York, on Long Island, Sept. 9, 1840, and is a son of Joseph and Maria (Stephens) Bowers, both natives of Massachusetts, the father and also the mother, it is supposed, being of English descent. When he was about twelve years old he removed with his parents to Dutchess County, N. Y., and when he was about sixteen they made another move, going then to Virginia, where they remained about four years. They then took up their abode in Clermont County, Ohio, but after residing there a short time they moved to Ripley County, Ind., and subsequently to Jackson County, in the same State.
   While living in Jackson County, Ind., our subject left home and friends to go forth and defend his country's honor on many a hard-fought battlefield in the rebellious States of the South, enlisting Aug. 20,1862, in Company K, 5th Indiana Cavalry, as a private. His regiment was attached to the Army of the Ohio, and finally became a part of Sherman's army. Our subject was actively engaged under that noted leader in the Georgia campaign from Dalton to Atlanta, during which time he was under fire a great deal, while performing the duties that devolve on a cavalryman. Prior to that his regiment had taken part in the pursuit of the famous raider Morgan, being gone on that expedition from July 4 to July 20, and they succeeded in capturing the most of the rebel's force, with the exception of a few hundred men. After the Morgan raid the regiment to which our subject belonged was refitted, remounted, and sent to East Tennessee, where it took part in a campaign which lasted from sometime in September until about the 1st of the following January, including the siege of Knoxville, from which Longstreet was trying to force Burnside. After that he and his comrades took part in a good deal of guerrilla warfare in Kentucky, and were engaged in many fights and skirmishes in the campaign from Dalton to Atlanta, which was almost one continuous fight. Our subject was honorably discharged from the army June 15, 1865, as Sergeant, having served with efficiency and gallantry until after the close of the war. He then returned to Jackson County, Ind., and again assumed the duties of a civilian.
   Feb. 22, 1874, Mr. Bowers was united in marriage to Miss Maria Baldwin, a native of Jackson County, Ind., born Jan. 26. 1844. She is a daughter of William and Pearl (Brown) Baldwin, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Kentucky. Her paternal grandfather was a native of England, and emigrated to America subsequent to the Revolution. Her parents were married in Indiana, and had born to them twelve children, of whom three survive, namely: John, of Seymour, Ind.; William, of Medora, Ind.; and Maria. Her parents were early settlers of Jackson County, Ind., having established their home there some sixty years ago, and there her father died in August, 1874. The mother still survives, and is now nearly eighty years old. The marriage of our subject and his wife has been blessed to them by the birth of three children, as follows: William B., born Oct. 11, 1876; Alma, born Sept, 29, 1881, died Oct. 14, 1884; Benjamin A. was born May 7, 1883.
   Shortly after his marriage our subject set out for Nebraska, accompanied by his wife, to make a home on these fertile prairies. He settled on the northwest quarter of section 31, Yankee Hill Township, and has since been a valued citizen of this community. He owns a quarter-section of land, which by downright hard labor he has developed into one of the finest farms in this locality. He has erected

comfortable and convenient buildings, and everything about the place denotes the thrift and able management of the owner, and that his reputation as a practical and skillful farmer is not undeserved. All his prosperity is due to the fact that he has not despised hard work as a means to an end, and, also, to the ready and cheerful assistance afforded to him by a good wife who has administered her affairs with frugality and wise economy. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bowers are earnest and sincere Christians and active workers in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is at present serving as Class-Leader. In politics Mr. Bowers favors the Prohibition party; he is always to be found on the side of the right, and is a promoter and encourager of every scheme that will in any way enhance the material progress of the county or township where he resides, or that will serve to elevate their moral and social status.

. E. LONGSTREET. Our great Republic not only owes a debt of undying gratitude to the noble citizen soldier, who, during the late war, in the "times that tried men's souls," unhesitatingly went forth to do battle for her cause, but she is under obligations to them for what they have since achieved in building up the country, and developing still further the magnificent resources. Not a quarter of a century has elapsed since the last battle was fought, and the brave soldiers who had brought the war to a successful issue laid down their arms and resumed the quiet vocations which they had dropped at the first alarm of war to march forth to Southern battlefields to defend the stars and stripes, which, but for their valor and patriotism, would not now wave over a free and undivided country. Many of them then, or afterward, sought new homes on the great Western plains, and our country thus became a second time indebted to them, as they have been important factors in turning the greater part of what was known as the "Great American Desert" into magnificent harvest fields, and in planting opulent cities and busy towns where before were wild, silent, untrodden wastes, thus showing, is the great and glorious Milton wrote, that "Peace hath her victories, no less renowned than war."
   As a fine representative of this class of citizens, one who has done his share of this great work, we are pleased to give a place in this volume to a sketch of the life of P. E. Longstreet. He is a prosperous member of the farming community of Lancaster County, and has for many years been prominently identified with its growth. He owns on section 33, Lancaster Township, a valuable farm, admirably located within easy access of the markets, being only four miles from Lincoln, and for cultivation and productiveness it has no superior in the vicinity.
   The father of our subject, Nelson Longstreet, was a lifelong citizen of Seneca County, N. Y., where he was born in 1806, and died in 1855, scarcely past the prime of life. He earned his living as a day laborer, and by his upright course in life as a man of steady habits, kindly nature, and sturdy integrity of character, he was justly esteemed, by all who knew him. He married in early life Clarinda Coon, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Francis Coon, of Seneca County, N. Y., where she was born in 1811. She was a woman highly respected for her many good qualities, and her useful life of sixty-nine years' duration closed in October, 1880. She was the mother of six children, four of whom were sons, and the family record is as follows: Richard R., born March 17, 1836, lives in Cayuga County, N. Y.; P. E., our subject, born June 26, 1838; Charles N., born Jan. 7, 1841, lives in Cayuga County, N. Y.; Clarinda, born July 4, 1844, married Lewis Bond, a commercial agent; Rachel, born Sept. 12, 1846, married Charles Gunn, and is now a widow; Loren, born Sept. 7, 1856, lives in Seneca County, N. Y., where he owns a large vineyard and makes the culture of the grape his business.
   Our subject was early trained to industrious and frugal habits in the home of his parents, and at the age of fifteen, being then an active, manly, self-reliant lad, he commenced life for himself by working out on a farm by the month. He continued thus busily employed until the breaking out of the war, and as soon as he could be spared from the duties that devolved upon him at home, he

hastened to join his companions who were defending the honor of the old flag on the blood battle-fields of the South. He enlisted in Company G, 126th New York Infantry, Aug. 9, 1862, and after drilling at Geneva, Seneca Co., N. Y., for about a week, entered active service under Gen. Miles, and in, the terrible years that followed he suffered all the horrors and privations of war in being wounded nigh unto death, imprisoned, nearly starved, etc. He was captured at Harper's Ferry, and was held a prisoner for three months before being paroled. He served at both battles of Bull Run, at Cedar Creek, was twice in action at Culpeper Court House, took an active part in the battle of the Wilderness, was at the Whitehouse through three skirmishes, did valiant service in the battle of Petersburg, and then was engaged in the battle of Hatchies' Run. In this battle our subject was wounded by having his leg broken, and after that he lay on the field two days and nights, suffering cruelly from the torments of thirst and pain, and then was only taken up as a prisoner, destined for Libby Prison. He was forty-eight hours on the road without his leg receiving any attention, and when the rebel surgeon came to dress it he insisted that it must be amputated. Mr. Longstreet strongly objected to such a procedure, and by a little care his strong constitution triumphed, and he recovered, although given over to die. He was held a prisoner for nearly three months', and finally became able to act about on crutches. He and his fellow-prisoners had a starving time of it on corn bread, made from corn and cob meal, and soup made from beef and potatoes boiled together till all pulp and then stirred with cold water, each prisoner getting his rations twice a day, from one-fourth of a cup to a pint of soup and a piece of corn bread an inch square. Mr. Longstreet and his comrades were finally exchanged and taken to Annapolis, Md., and thence to Baltimore, where he remained about six weeks in the hospital. He was then sent with others to York River, where he remained until his discharge in 1865. Our subject won an honorable record on some of the most hotly contested battle-fields of the war, displaying throughout his entire service the cool, courageous, self-sacrificing spirit of the true soldier, and his officers found in him one who was prompt in obeying orders and one who could be thoroughly trusted; one, in fact, whose every act was inspired by patriotism and devotion to his country.
   After leaving the army, Mr. Longstreet returned to his native State, and went to work on a farm by the month, being thus employed until his marriage, Jan. 27, 1870, with Miss Minerva, daughter of Aaron and Julia (Bennett) Wilson, of Ovid, Seneca Co., N. Y. Mrs. Longstreet can trace her genealogy back several generations, to Ralph and Mary Wilson, who were the first of the family to leave their home across the waters to come to the United States. Their son David, from whom our subject's wife is lineally descended, was born April 29,1732, the very day that they arrived in this country. He married and reared a family of four children, of whom his son Joseph, born Feb. 8, 1764, was Mrs. Longstreet's grandfather. Of the twelve children that completed his family circle, his son Aaron, Mrs. Longstreet's father, was born May 13, 1808, and is still living at in advanced age with his wife on the old homestead in Seneca County, where his ancestors made their home when they first came to America. Mrs. Wilson was born March 18, 1816. Their daughter, Mrs. Longstreet, is the fifth in order of birth of the ten children who have been born to them, she first seeing the light of day in the old home Jan. 27, 1842. She and her husband are the parents of two children, namely: Estelle M., born Nov. 26, 1873; Ira W., Jan. 18, 1875.
   Immediately after marriage our subject and his wife left their native State to found for themselves a home on the rich prairies of Nebraska. Mr. Longstreet purchased a tract of seventy-four acres of land, upon which he lived for sixteen years. He then sold that and bought his present farm, paying therefor $40 an acre. Under his skillful management and owing to the rapid growth of the country, it has greatly increased in value, so that it is now worth $120 an acre. It originally comprised 160 acres, but he disposed of forty acres of it for $100 an acre.
   Mr. Longstreet has taken an active part in the administration of public affairs in Lancaster; has served as Assessor of the township for seven years and as School Director for four years, and no citizen

takes a deeper or more earnest interest in the welfare of his community. He and his family are valued members of the Baptist Church, of Lincoln. In politics, Mr. Longstreet is a firm supporter of the principles advanced by the Republican party. Socially, he is prominently identified with the G. A. R., as represented by Farragut Post No. 25, at Lincoln.

ILAS M. CLARK. In this biographical compend are presented the prominent features of the life of one of the most respected, honorable and large-hearted farmers of Rock Creek Precinct, whose property is situated on section 34, and comprises 160 acres of excellent land in an irreproachable condition of agricultural efficiency.
   Our subject is the son of Hezekiah Clark, who was born about the year 1780, in Jefferson County, N. Y., and died in the same place in 1840. His wife was Lucy Watson, who was born in 1790 in Center, N. Y., and died in Jefferson County in 1883. Her husband was by trade a carpenter and builder, in which calling he was increasingly successful. Their home circle included twelve children, five of whom are now living: Julia, now Mrs. DeLong, whose husband is now a retired merchant, they reside in Warren, Ill. William, a successful merchant in Boston, Mass., but now retired from active work; Irene Mathews, relict of Mr. Mathews, whose home is also at Warren; Philena Bloomer is now living at Rock Creek, and Silas M. Clark, who was born Jan. 17, 1836, in Jefferson.
   Until he was twenty years of age our subject made his home with his parents. His education was received in the public school, afterward supplemented by a course in a private academy. About the year 1856 he began farming, and continued in the same until 1862, when he enlisted, on the 19th of July, in Company A, 10th New York Heavy Artillery. Until the spring of 1864 he was doing garrison duty at Washington, but at that time they were ordered to the front, and arrived at Cold Harbor almost immediately after the battle at that place. They were attached to the 18th Army Corps, and with them proceeded to Petersburg and were in the battle at that place. They remained at the front until the 15th of August, when they were ordered back to Washington for about thirty days, and then went to the Shenandoah Valley for two months, but took part in no engagements. On the 2d of April following they entered into all engagement with the rebel forces, losing about eighty men, and were shortly afterward dispatched to Petersburg for provost duty, where they remained until June 22, 1865, and were then discharged by general order.
   After leaving the army Mr. Clark remained at Ogdensburg, in St. Lawrence County, and worked at merchandising. The following year, 1866, he began farming in Jefferson County, N. Y., and was fairly successful during his residence for about five years, when he removed to this county, and bought a farm of 160 acres for $17,000. This land he speedily made quite fertile and raised large harvests; he suffered in 1883 very considerably from. hailstorms, losing nearly the whole of his crops.
   His specialty is stock-raising, but what part of his farm is not required to raise feed for his stock is used for grain.
   One of the most important steps in the life of any man, perhaps more than any other a farmer, is that wherein he unites himself "for better or worse, for richer or poorer." We say especially a farmer, because during the year, and especially the winter, the little household is largely shut into itself, forming its own little world, and each is dependent upon the other so much for all that goes to make life worth living. In large centers of population this is not so, and if one has no companion at home there are opportunities within easy reach that will enable the sufferer to forget the same. Our subject in this important step happily made no mistake when he took to himself Margaret Weller. They were married April 2, 1859, at Ogdensburg. This lady is the daughter of John C. and Ann (Bennett) Weller. Her father and mother were both natives of England. Her father was born in 1803, and landed in Quebec in the year 1840. After a short residence in that city he went to Ogdensburg, N. Y. Mrs. Weller was born in 1801, and is still living and in the enjoyment of

good health. Their family included twelve children, of whom seven are still living. The names are recorded as follows: John. Margaret (wife of our subject), Carrie, William, Anna, Eliza and Emma.
   After Mr. Clark took possession of his farm he began the improvement of the same at once, first, however, providing a home shelter for the family. This took the form of a dug-out, which a little care and labor made not only habitable but comfortable.
   The. person who has lived always in some brown or white stone front mansion would be surprised at the amount of solid comfort and good cheer to be found in a claim shanty or dug-out. During the grasshopper plague his crops suffered severely, but he did not get disheartened; he was made of better stuff, and mutually encouraging each other, himself and wife worked together and soon recovered all that seemed to have been irretrievably lost. Their family has grown to include three children: William, born Jan. 12,1860; Hattie E., born on the 11th of February, 1863, is a resident at Rock Creek with her husband, Frank E. Rogers; and Lilian M., now Mrs. James Michael, born Oct. 15, 1867.
   Mrs. Clark is one of the prominent and most devoted members of the Congregational Church at Waverly, and in that communion is very greatly esteemed, as she is indeed, in common with her husband, by all who know her. They are now reaping the golden harvest of a life of energetic toil, honor and loyalty to themselves and neighbors. Our subject is in political matters associated with the Republican party, and takes a deep interest in all matters, whether national or less far-reaching.
   He has been for over four years Justice of the Peace, in which position he has served to the greatest satisfaction of all concerned. Socially, he is a member of Mitchell Post No. 38, G. A. R., of Waverly.
   In visiting jewelry stores one is often struck with the different styles of the larger pieces of silverware as made for ornamental and useful purposes. Some are pretty, but without solidity; others fantastic but apparently without any place to get hold of them; and then there are those good, solid pieces of full weight and sterling value; not, perhaps, so full of embellishment and trick of design, but when you see and handle them you know exactly what they are and for what use. So with men; some are handsome but useless; others so full of angularities and tricks that you cannot touch them; and then again there are those solid in worth, honest in purpose, large-souled, beneficent men whom it is always a pleasure to meet and an honor to know. Such an one is the subject of this sketch.

DWARD YOUNG, the leading tobacconist of Lincoln, has been established here since 1886; he has a fine store and does an extensive business. He is a Pennsylvanian by birth, born in Lycoming County, Oct. 9, 1845. His father, Henry Young, was a native of Scotland, his birth occurring Oct. 11, 1810, and the grandfather of our subject, Jacob Young, likewise of Scottish birth, came to America with his family in 1828. He settled in Maryland, bought land, and engaged extensively in farming and stock-raising. He spent his last years in Frederick County, that State, dying at the advanced age of eighty-two years.
   The father of our subject was about eighteen years of age when he came to America. He married, in Maryland, Elizabeth Michael, and after a few years of a happy wedded life she died in the home that they had established in that State, being only thirty-two years of age. Mr. Young finally sold his farm in Maryland and moved to Lycoming County, Pa., where he engaged in the lumber business until 1859. He then returned to Maryland, and resumed farming until 1862, when he enlisted in the 6th Maryland Infantry, and served in the 6th Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. He was wounded near Winchester in 1864, and was discharged on account of disability caused by his wounds. He never fully recovered, but died in July, 1866, at the age of fifty-six. He inherited in a large degree those characteristics that make the sturdy, honest Scotch such desirable citizens, and he was a man of good repute, and was held in high esteem by his neighbors.
   The subject of this sketch received his education in the public schools of Pennsylvania and Maryland.