provement of Otoe Precinct and Otoe County. He is open hearted and gives generously of his abundance to the needy. He is a man of wide experience and varied information, sturdy and independent in his views of men and things, and is in his political affiliations a strong Republican. A view of Mr. Clayton's homestead is given on an accompanying page.

DWIN MOORE, a well-to-do English farmer of Russell Precinct, crossed the Atlantic when a young man twenty-one years of age, with no capital save his strong hands and resolute will, determined to carve out for himself a good name among his fellowmen, and a position worthy of the efforts of any honest man. He had been thrown upon his own resources early in life, his mother having died when he was a little lad five years of age, and when a lad of twelve years he commenced the struggle of life on his own account. His career has been one so far of which he need not be ashamed.
   Our subject was born in Lincolnshire, England, Jan. 19, 1848, and is the son of William Moore, a native of the same county. The latter married a Miss Gibbons, who was also born in that locality, and they became the parents of five children, namely; Mary A., George, Joseph, Edwin and William, all of whom are in America. Mary, Joseph and William are residents of Lee County, Ill., and George lives in LaSalle County, that State. After the death of the mother, which occurred in 1853, the father of our subject emigrated to the United States, and for four years thereafter resided in New York State, where he was occupied at farming. Thence he changed his residence to LaSalle County, Ill., where he purchased eighty acres of land and carried on farming until his death, which occurred in January, 1886, when he was seventy years of age.
   After the death of his mother our subject was taken into the home of his maternal grandfather, and received a limited education in the common school. He remained in England until reaching majority, and in 1869 set sail from Liverpool, twelve days later landed in the city of Quebec, Canada. Thence soon afterward he came into the States, and joining his father in LaSalle County, Ill., employed himself at farm work until the fall of 1877. He had in the meantime saved what he could from his earnings, and purchased a tract of land near his father, upon which he farmed two years. The result of his labors not being entirely satisfactory, he resolved to cross the Mississippi, and coming to this county purchased eighty acres in Russell Precinct, the ownership of which he still retains. He has set out groves and an orchard of 100 apple trees besides trees of the smaller fruits. Much of his land is enclosed by neat wire fencing, and it is all well watered by running streams. He has been prospered in his labors as a tiller of the soil, and added 160 acres to his first purchase, having now a fine farm of 240 acres all under a good state of cultivation. The residence is a neat and substantial structure, while the barn and other outbuildings reflect credit upon the proprietor.
   Our subject, while a resident of LaSalle County, Ill., was married, Dec. 4, 1872, to Miss Sarah A., daughter of John and Sarah (Young) Cottew, who was born in that county, Oct. 15, 1853. The parents of Mrs. Moore were natives of County Kent, England, whence they emigrated to America about 1845, and settled in LaSalle County, Ill. They were among the earliest pioneers of that region, and the father, securing a tract of land, carried on farming successfully for a number of years. He became the owner of 240 acres, upon which he erected good buildings, and gathered about him the comforts and conveniences of the modern farmer. He has now retired from active labor, and at the age of seventy years is still living upon the old homestead. The mother died in 1887, aged seventy-three years. Their five children were named respectively; Abram, William, Harriet, Mary A. and Sarah A. William during the late war enlisted in an Illinois regiment, and yielded up his life in the Union cause. The surviving children are residents of the United States.
   To Mr. and Mrs. Moore have been horn seven children, namely: John W., James M., Flora M., Charles H., Nettie, Joseph and Harrison. The eldest of these is thirteen years of age and the youngest is a babe. Mrs. Moore is a very well

educated and intelligent lady, a first-class housekeeper, and well versed in those little arts which have so much bearing upon the comfort and happiness of a household. The dwelling both within and without is remarkably neat and tidy, and it would seem as if Mr. Moore and his wife were in harmony upon the question of cleanliness and good order.
   Mr. Moore cast his first Presidential vote for Grant, and since becoming a naturalized citizen has uniformly supported Republican principles. He has been a member of the School Board in his district for the last five years, and in religious matters belongs to the Episcopal Church. Mrs. Moore is a member of the United Brethren Church.

EORGE W. BOYER, an honored resident of Nebraska City, with a pleasant home beautifully located on Kearney Heights, is a successful and well-to-do farmer, whose farm, lying in Four Mile Precinct, is one of the most valuable in the county. Mr. Boyer was born in Stark County, Ohio, Sept. 9, 1825. His father, Peter Boyer, was born in Pennsylvania, and was there reared and married, Elizabeth Binkley becoming his devoted companion and helpmate. She was likewise a Pennsylvanian by birth and breeding. For some time Mr. Boyer kept a tavern at Sinking Springs, Berks County, and it being before the era of railroads, all transportation was done with teams, and he used to furnish entertainment for the teamsters and their horses.
   In 1818, accompanied by his family, Mr. Boyer went down the Ohio River to Ohio, and settled in Stark County, buying there a tract of land. After a residence there of four years he moved to Knox County, and went into the milling business, having purchased a mill for $1,700, and he operated it to its fullest capacity, night and day, for four years. He found a ready market for the flour that he manufactured near Lake Michigan, shipping it to that point by team. He also established himself in the mercantile business, carrying it on in connection with the mill until 1837, then, selling the latter for $4,500, disposed of his other property, and again took up his march for the West.
   Mr. Boyer next went by way of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to St. Louis, his family accompanying him; thence up the Missouri River to Independence, then a small place of about 400 inhabitants. He then proceeded with a team to Platte Purchase, and located in that part now included in Buchanan County. The city of St. Joseph had then no existence, there being simply a trading post on its present site, kept by a French-Canadian named Rubedeux, who had a family in St. Louis, and a large family of Indians at the trading-post. Mr. Boyer and two partners who were employed in the United States land office tried to buy Rubedeux's claim, and he at last consented to sell, but backed out and laid out the city himself about 1844.
   The father of our subject was one of the first to buy a lot, for which he paid $100, paying for it in wheat at twenty-five cents a bushel. After the city was laid out its growth was quite rapid for those days, and it finally became important as an outfitting post for freighters, who were engaged in drawing freight to the various military posts and settlements in the West. The country was then in a wild state, sparsely settled, and with plenty of wild game, such as deer, turkeys, antelopes, etc. Mr. Boyer made a claim, and soon made arrangements to purchase of the Government 1,600 acres of land, but before he had paid for it he was robbed of his money. In the face of this discouraging fact he did not give way to despair, but with characteristic energy he immediately set about making up the deficit by collecting the money owing him in the county. He took cattle in payment, which he drove all the way to Philadelphia, Pa., and there sold them at a good price. His trip occupied six months and after his return he entered his land. and built a hewed log house on the place, and at once commenced making improvements. He was extensively engaged in farming there until his death in 1856, at which time Buchanan County, Mo., lost one of its most useful and wide-awake citizens.
   Mr. Boyer was a straightforward man, keen and sharp in his dealings, but always to be found on the side of honesty and right. When he first set-

tled in Buchanan County, Weston, thirty-five miles from St. Joseph, was the nearest market, and there he sold bacon from one to one and one-half cents a pound, oats at seven cents a bushel, wheat at twenty-five cents a bushel, and good three-year-old steers were sold for $3 or $4 apiece, the hide being worth more than the live steer. The mother of our subject died on the old homestead in Missouri three years after the death of her husband. They were the parents of twelve children, nine of whom grew to maturity.
   George Boyer was a lad of twelve years when he accompanied his parents in their removal to Missouri, and he remembers well the incidents of the pioneer life in that State where he grew to manhood. He attended the schools there, which were conducted on the subscription plan, and in the intervals assisted his father on the farm. At the age of twenty-two our subject left the parental roof to establish a home of his own, his father having given him a tract of unimproved hind, part timber and part prairie. His first work was to build a double log house, and to this he brought his bride, formerly Miss Sabine Bowen, a native of Berks County, Pa., and a daughter of Ephraim and Catherine (Coucher) Bowen, to whom he had been united in marriage in August, 1847. Our subject improved the greater part of 315 acres of his land, and continued to reside in Missouri until 1866. But the same pioneer spirit that had moved the father was strong in the son, and in that year he sold all of his property, and sought under the sunny skies and in the genial climate of Nebraska a new home. He came to Nebraska City and bought his present residence on Kearney Heights, and also purchased a farm of 160 acres in Otoe Precinct, residing in his city home, and managing his farm with good results until in 1876, when he sold it, and bought the farm in Four Mile Precinct that he now owns. Since coming to this State he has been very successful in his agricultural ventures, and has a well-managed, well-cultivated and well-stocked farm, from which he obtains a good annual income.
   To our subject and his amiable wife have been born six children, all of whom are living, namely: Catherine Ellen, the wife of Hugh L. Hopkins; Edwinna, who married Stephen Lyon; Isabella, the wife of O. H. Shaw; James I. married Miss Florence Carry, and resides in Denver. Col.; Matilda, the wife of Charles Davidson, and Alice. All, with the exception of Alice, who is a teacher in the public schools of Otoe County, are residents of Denver, Col. The Boyers are gifted with fine physiques, coming of a strong. vigorous and long-lived race, and fourteen grandchildren had been born to our subject and his wife before there was a death in the family. They are all members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and are in high standing in religious and social circles. Mr. Boyer's life record is that of a conscientious, upright Christian, and he is deeply respectsd by all in the community. He is greatly interested in the political questions of the day, and is, and always has been a firm Democrat.

OBERT C. ELVIN, M. D., a practicing physician of Nebraska City, was one of the first settlers of Nebraska, having crossed the Missouri River as soon as the Territory was open to settlement. He is one of the leaders in the re-organized Church of Latter-Day Saints, which differs radically in its doctrines from the Mormons of Utah, and he was at one time President of the Southern Nebraska District, and has been one of the most powerful and popular preachers of the sect.
   Dr. Elvin is a native of Scotland, Renfrew Parish, in the town of Paisley, being his birthplace, and May 11, 1823, the date of his birth. His father, John Elvin, and his grandfather, Charles Elvin, were also natives of Scotland. The latter was for many years a soldier in the British army, and died in the East Indies while in the service. The father of our subject was born while his parents were with the army, and he was reared amid military scenes until he was quite a boy, when he was sent to Dublin to be educated. From there he went to Glasgow, Scotland, to attend school for a time, and he there devoted his attention to the study of medicine, and after graduation was appointed surgeon in the army. He accompanied his regiment to Spain, and was present at the siege of Cadiz, and also at the battle of Waterloo. Soon after the latter event he

resigned on account of impaired health, and returned to his native Scotland, where he settled in Paisley, and spent his last years. Our subject's father spent his last years in the northern part of Scotland, his death occurring in 1849. The maiden name of his wife was Mary A. Barnett, and she was a native of England and a daughter of John Barnett. She died in Paisley in June, 1823. There were seven children born to her and her husband, three of whom grew to maturity, Robert C. being the only one who ever came to America.
   Our subject was but an infant when his mother died, and at the extremely youthful age of seven years he was thrown on his own resources and became self-supporting. At the age of ten he commenced working in a drug-store, and even at that early age he commenced to read medicine with a view of preparing himself for the medical profession, for which even then he displayed a decided talent, having inherited in part his father's genius and temperament. He remained in a drug-store until he was twelve years old, and then, with remarkable enterprise, established himself in the mercantile business, keeping a store with a small stock of goods in Glasgow.
   When he was fifteen our subject concluded to try his luck in America, and set sail from Liverpool in January, 1837, and landed in New York after a voyage of seven or eight weeks. There our embryo physician and merchant sought employment in a drug-store, where he was engaged as clerk for eighteen months. He then entered a dry-goods store in the same capacity, and worked there until 1840, when he went back to Scotland, and, in partnership with his brother, carried on the shoe business in the town of Beath, and later went to Irvine and manufactured shoes there. He continued in that business a year and a half. He then joined the Church of Latter-Day Saints, and was soon called to the priesthood, and preached for that society until 1849. In that year he returned to America and located in St. Louis, where he engaged in the upholstery business until the fall of 1851. He then bought land in Council Bluffs, near the city, and engaged in farming, and at the same time practiced medicine. That was in the very early settlement of that section of the country, and there were no railways west of the Mississippi, all travel being by boats on the river or overland in teams.
   The Doctor resided in Iowa until 1854, the year in which the Government made the treaty with the Indians that was signed on the 16th of March, by which they agreed to vacate Eastern Nebraska. Then our subject, with others, crossed the Missouri to look at the country. They staid a short time, and then went back to Iowa, and in May he returned to make a claim in Douglas County, Neb. Our subject cut logs to build a cabin, but was soon obliged to return home on account of sickness in his family, and while he was gone his claim was jumped. The Doctor then went to Cass County and made a claim on the bank of the Weeping Water, the land still belonging to the Government, and not an acre of it surveyed. He built a log house on his land, and in the spring of 1855 moved his family there. He entered the land from the Government as soon as it came into the market, and lived on it until 1859, when he sold it, and in November of that year came to Nebraska City. He immediately established himself in the general merchandising business, which he continued with good success for eighteen years. In 1869 he was burned out at a loss of about $12,000 above the insurance. But, with his usual energy and courage, he at once re-established himself, and carried on his business until 1874, when he disposed of it very advantageously.
   Our subject had severed his relations with the Church of Latter-Day Saints in 1852, because he did not believe in the doctrine as preached and practiced at Salt Lake City, but in 1866 he joined the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints, and has been prominently identified with it since. He was made President of the Southern Nebraska District, and after settling up his business affairs he traveled extensively and established churches in different places, and also practiced as a physician. In 1880, desiring to perfect his knowledge of medicine, already considerable, he became a student at the School of Medicine at Omaha, and threw himself into his studies with all the ardor and interest of youth. He attended there one year, and then, on the organization of the Omaha Medical College, enrolled himself as a pupil in that institution, and

studied there two terms. He thus became thoroughly conversant with the most advanced methods of practicing medicine, and to-day ranks high among his professional brethren. When we consider that this was the step of a man already past the meridian of life, for he was fifty-seven years old when he became a student, an age when many men who have been successful in business are thinking of retiring to a life of ease, we have no words in which to express our admiration of such force of character and indomitable will. After leaving college our subject opened an office in Omaha, and was busily engaged in practicing his profession there for three years. At the end of that time he returned to Nebraska City, and then for a time with his wife he traveled East and West. and saw much of his adopted country. In 1887 he re-opened his office here, and has been in active practice since.
   Dr. Elvin was married, April 16, 1845. to Martha Baird, a native of County Monagham, Ireland, and of Scotch and English parentage. Of their marriage eight children have been born, five of whom are now living, as follows: Robert resides in Lamont, Iowa, and is a preacher in the Latter-day Saints' Church; Elizabeth is at home with her parents; John lives in St, Paul, Minn.; Martha is the wife of Fred Borstram, and lives in Nebraska City; Walter A. also lives in this city.
   Our subject, in his double capacity of physician and preacher, does all that lies in his power to allay the suffering and sin in this world. In him the weak, the unfortunate and the down-trodden find a steadfast friend, and he has done much to elevate such and bring them to a higher life. The Doctor is identified with the A. F. & A. M., and is a member of the Western Star Lodge No. 2.

ENJAMIN F. HAYWARD, who for many years has been identified with the business interests of Nebraska City as a contractor and builder, is the son of David and Lucretia (Chapman) Hayward, both of whom were born in the State of New York. Upon their marriage his parents settled in Essex County in that State, and there our subject was born Feb. 5, 1819. His father died in the year 1834, when forty-five years of age, and his mother in the same year, at the age of thirty-five years. Their family included seven children, four of whom were boys.
   The grandfather of our subject, Ephraim Hayward, was born in England. He came to this country and served, in the Revolutionary Army when about sixteen years of age, and was a drum major in Washington's first regiment, continuing in the service throughout the war. His son David, the father of our subject, took an honorable part in the War of 1812, and afterward enjoyed no little prosperity in the business which he made his chosen occupation, viz, that of carpenter and lumberman. He went to Essex County, N. Y., with his parents at the time they established the pioneer colony of the county.
   The subject of our sketch was about fifteen years of age when his parents died, leaving him almost entirely alone to struggle in a world that affords little help to the oppressed and helpless, even under the most favorable circumstances. He immediately looked around in a hopeful and self-reliant spirit for some employment, and was engaged to work by the month at farming, at the rate of $6 per mouth. Up to that time our subject had been attending school, but until he was eighteen he found no opportunity for continuing his education, but at that time he spent eight months in a private school, and crowded into that period all the hard study and faithful work possible.
   The marriage of our subject was celebrated in 1842, the lady of his choice being Vienna Reynolds, of New York State. It was their happiness to enjoy this companionship for but the short period of eighteen months, when the bonds were severed by her death. After his bereavement he determined to go West, and accordingly found his way to Johnson County, Ill., and there followed his business as a carpenter, and also dealing in real estate.
   In the spring of 1846 Mr. Hayward enlisted in the United States Army for the Mexican War, and became a member of Company F, 2d Illinois Infantry. The enlistment was followed by the necessary preparation of drilling at Alton, when they were sent to the front, and went to San Antonio, Tex, The Mexicans were met at Buena Vista in a terrible con-

flict, and there, as on other fields, he earned for himself a name that has not yet been forgotten, as a true soldier, gallant, intrepid and fearless.
   Receiving an honorable discharge in 1847, our subject returned to Illinois. The following year he entered married life a second time, being united with Miss Elizabeth Chapman, a native of New York State. They made their home in Illinois for about nine years, until 1857. Then with his wife and children he came West, making the entire journey by means of wagons and teams. The following children have been born to our subject, viz: William J., who died in infancy; Benjamin F., Jr., George, Sarah L., Samuel J. and Elizabeth. The two latter are now deceased. Benjamin F. is a carpenter and builder, of Nebraska City; George is engaged in business in San Francisco; Sarah L. is at home. In 1862 the wife and mother departed this life, thus leaving him a second time bereaved.
   Among the first work done by Mr. Hayward at Nebraska City was the erection of the Morton House, and also the residence of Gen. Coe. These were but the beginning of a business success that reflects the greatest possible credit upon our subject, In politics he has ever been stanch and true as a Democrat. He has watched the course of thirteen Presidential campaigns, including two campaigns during the time that Nebraska was yet a Territory.. It is doubtful if in the county there is any citizen more truly esteemed and respected than the subject of this sketch. His life and character are such as to command such sentiments, and he is generally admired as one whose long life, which has been uniformly honorable and upright, deserves the entire confidence and regard of the community.

HARLES WEATHERHOGG, a man standing high in his community, and the subject of a very interesting history, owns and occupies one of the most valuable homesteads in Palmyra Precinct, comprising 160 acres of land on section 17. Conspicuous among its improvements is the large and valuable orchard which he set out in the spring of 1873, and which now yields annually hundreds of bushels of most luscious fruit. He also has the smaller fruits in abundance, and the groves of cottonwood, maple and other forest trees, planted by the hand of thrift and industry, serve as a shelter to man and beast from the heat of summer and the blasts of winter. The farm of late years has been devoted largely to stock-raising. Mr. W. makes a specialty of Poland-China swine, and in this line exhibits some of the finest animals in the county. All his agricultural operations are carried on in that methodical manner which has been the secret of his success and laid the foundations of a competence.
   The eldest child of John and Ann (Coates) Weatherhogg, our subject was born in Lincolnshire, England, Nov. 21, 1823. His parents were natives of the same county, and the father, a farmer by occupation, died in 1843, at the age of forty-eight years. The mother survived her husband a period of forty-three years, and died in 1886, aged eighty. five. She was married a second time, to Joshua Gresham. By the first marriage she became the mother of six children, five sons and one daughter.
   Our subject received but a limited education, and remained a resident of his native shire until a man of twenty-seven years. In the spring of 1850 he resolved upon a change of location, and accordingly, accompanied by friends, set sail from Liverpool about the 20th of May. The 4th of July following found him in the city of Albany, N. Y., whence he repaired to Dansville, expecting there to meet relatives and remain for a time. The relatives, however, had embraced the Mormon faith, and this not being agreeable to Mr. Weatherhogg, he quickly parted company with them and hastened back to Rochester, in the vicinity of which he was engaged in farming and butchering for two or three years.
   Our subject in the meantime had made the acquaintance of Miss Rose Stinson, to whom he was married in October, 1852. This lady was born in Canada, and departed this life at her home in Palmyra Precinct, May 15, 1881. They had in the meantime removed from the Empire State to Illinois, settling near the embryo town of Mendota, where Mr. W. engaged in farming on rented land for a period of ten years.
   In the spring of 1863 our subject started with his family for Pike's Peak, accompanied by his broth-