parents, they emigrated to America, bringing with them the younger, and located first in Trumbull County, Ohio. Later they removed to Mercer County, Pa., settling in New Vernon Township, where the father improved a farm from a tract of uncultivated land, and where he spent the remainder of his days, his decease taking place in February, 1883. at the advanced age of seventy-nine years.
   Both parents had identified themselves with the Methodist Church at an early period in life. The mother is now seventy-mine years old. She still lives on the old homestead in New Vernon Township, Mercer Co., Pa., with her son John N.
   To the parents of Mrs. James there were born seven children after coming to the United States, and of the nine comprising the parental household all are living but one. These are mostly residents of Pennsylvania. Mrs. James remained with her grandparents in Ireland until a maiden of seventeen years, then came to America accompanied by her aunt and uncle, Hugh Burrows. The meeting with her parents after the long separation was most pleasant and gratifying, and she afterward made her home with them until her marriage.

LIVER C. WIGGIN, M. D., is a descendant of one of the good old New England families, whose name is graven upon the very foundation stones of early New England history. The originator of this family in America was Thomas Wiggin, who had emigrated to this country in 1634, returned to England, and finally returned with his family in 1636, and arrived in the midst of the struggles of the early colonies for an existence and foothold on the Western Continent. He received from his Sovereign a patent of Governor of the North Plantations, which comprised the district now embraced in the State of New Hampshire. This position, that of Governor, he held for several years, and in that time did much to establish the Colonists and bring to them the position of independence and brightness of prosperity that fairly started the young colony on its way. He was the first Governor. The descendants of this illustrious gentleman, Thomas Wiggin, for several generations married into the families of the Massachusetts Governors Bradstreet, Dudley and Winthrop, besides others equally well known that might be mentioned, representing men of worth and note in the higher circles of thought and action in life.
   The subject of our sketch is one of the ninth generation from the above-mentioned gentleman, and is the second son of the Hon. John M. Wiggin, of Meredith, N. H. He was born in July, 1810. In his early life the father of our subject manifested no little ability as a student. From his boyhood he had been devoted to earnest thought and careful study, and this he followed from his youth up, always engrossed in a never satisfied effort to assuage his thirst for knowledge. While yet a young man he became instructor in the public schools near the home of his boyhood. Later he turned his attention to the business of architect and contractor, and while his sons were growing up he lived upon a farm in order that they might have such surroundings as would tend to make them true men, that he might the better instruct them in such a manner as would bring out the very best that was in them as regards character and disposition.
   Mr. Wiggin was elected by the people of his county (where he had well-nigh innumerable friends, for he was much respected and was very popular) for three consecutive terms to the New Hampshire State Legislature, where he served, as had been expected, the interests of his constituents in a most self-forgetful spirit and with single eye to their welfare. When about seventy years of age he went to live with his children in Providence, R.I., and there died three years later. He was a lifelong member of the Baptist Church, and was for some years a Deacon in that communion, as his father had been before him. The family for several generations had held its membership within the same church. His wife, whose maiden name was Polly (Fox) Wadleigh, was a descendant of another of the old families of position of New Hampshire. She was a brilliant and yet thoughtful woman, true to herself and to all to whom she was related. She also reached the good old age of seventy-three

years, and died about the same time as her husband.
   Dr. Oliver C. Wiggin was born May 3, 1839, in Meredith, N. H., spent the first eighteen years of his life upon a farm, and received his education at the school-house. The institutions of learning of that day were not of course so complete, either as regards the instruction or appointments, as they are to-day. As soon as he was sufficiently advanced to so do he entered Brown's University, at Providence, where he remained for some time, and then entered the Harvard Medical College, being graduated from that institution in the class of '66.
   Upon receiving his diploma Dr. Wiggin engaged in the practice of medicine, locating in Providence, where he remained for about twenty years, becoming long before that term had expired one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons of Rhode Island. He was very largely successful in his practice, and perhaps for the reason that it has always been his custom to enter into every transaction giving his whole mind and power to the engagement, whatever that might be, that demanded his attention. During that time he was elected President of the Rhode Island Medical Society, and was also President of the Providence Medical Association, and also President of the Lying-in Hospital of Providence, of which he was the chief promoter and founder. For ten years he continued visiting physician to the Rhode Island Hospital and consulting physician at Dexter Asylum and the Home for Aged Men, and also that for Aged Women.
   The marriage of Dr. Wiggin and Mrs. Helen M. Jenckes, eldest daughter of Hon. Charles Nourse, was celebrated Dec. 3, 1878. Her father is now deceased. He was formerly a successful cotton manufacturer in Woonsocket, R. I., and occupied a high position in the community, being prominent in the social, political, religious and educational circles, as well as the business world. His daughter Helen received the best possible education, and was conversant with all the usual subjects then taught, and was also endowed with several accomplishments as then considered, and was fitted by these and her careful home training for any position in life. She became connected with most of the prominent religious and educational societies, including the widely known Rhode Island Women's Club. It has been a principle of her life to make others happy and to spend herself in helping those who need aid, and she is worthy of rank among the first ladies of the State.
   From boyhood Dr. Wiggin has taken the greatest possible interest in fine cattle and graded stock, which there were several upon the home farm, 1883 he found his failing health would not permit of his continued practice of medicine, and because the above-mentioned desire and natural liking for stock, he decided to take up the breeding of blooded stock, and determined only to handle the pure Holstein stock, and in October, 1882, he imported a choice herd of the most noted strains from Holland.
   Dr. Wiggin found himself well prepared to keep fully abreast of the times in his new occupation. He began in Providence, but the necessity of securing broader fields led him, to turn his mind to the Western prairies, and in 1886 he transported cattle and interests to this State, locating in Wyoming Precinct of this county, about nine miles north of Nebraska City and three and a half from Union, which is his postoffice and is a station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad. His property is splendidly located, and admirably adapted for his purpose. It is known as the "Crown Bluff Stock Farm." Since the transfer to Nebraska the head of the herd has been superseded by a son, an exceptionally fine animal, who is named "Netherland Standard," and the farm is most thoroughly stocked the herd numbering about fifty.
    Partly associated in the business with Dr. Wiggin is a younger brother, whose given name is Charles D. Wiggin, M. D. He also is now a resident of Wyoming Precinct, and is connected with his brother in his stock interests, and at the same time is a practicing physician and surgeon. He was born upon the old homestead in New Hampshire. After obtaining the principles of an education he entered Brown University, at Providence, completing the curriculum of study and the class of '68, subsequently receiving the degree of A. M. He then came West, and spent four years in Nebraska on the present farm, which his father had some time before purchased. At the end of

that period, in 1872, he decided to return East. This he did, and entered the Yale Medical School, and devoted himself to hard and faithful study, being graduated with honors in the class of '74, receiving the degree of M. D.
   From Yale Dr. C. D. Wiggin went to Providence, R. I., and began the practice of medicine, continuing there until 1886, when he came to this State and joined his brother, our subject. He has since resided on the Wiggin property at "Crown Bluff, continuing, as above mentioned, the practice of his profession. He was united in marriage to Miss Adelaide Buckley, the daughter of John Buckley, of Providence, R. I. She was well educated, and previous to her marriage had been a most successful teacher in the public schools of Rhode Island. While yet in the prime of life she died, leaving two daughters, Marion and Hope.
   A second marrriage (sic) was entered into by Dr. C. D. Wiggin. The maiden name of the lady who united her life interests with his upon that occasion was Lucy D. Bucklin, the daughter of Samuel Slater Bucklin, of Providence, R. I., where she was born. Previous to her marriage she had been engaged for some years as a teacher in the grammar schools of Providence, and in her present position in his home gives abundant evidence of every qualification for that or any other she might be called upon to occupy.
   Our subject and his brother combine the industries of the dairy with their stock farming, and their goods are such as to command a steady market at Omaha. They also have choice family pork products. Their cattle are the most perfect dairy stock that could be found, so far as breed is concerned, their cows coming of the celebrated families of Netherland, Aggie, Alexander, Texelaar, Operdoes, and others equally valuable. It is a frequent thing for them to obtain as much as eighty-seven pounds of milk per day from several of their nicest cows, some of the two-year-olds averaging fifty pounds per day.
   Dr. Oliver Wiggin is an acknowledged expert in matters pertaining to cattle breeding, raising and feeding. His arrangements for the sheltering and feeding of his stock are all of a model character. He uses only the best obtainable feed, supplying them with the ordinary forage as long as it remains green; following that with ensilage, for which he has silos with a capacity of 160 tons, which enables him to feed at the small expense of fifty-four cents per ton, which is a practical demonstration of the utility of this method. For grain feed he gives corn-meal, bran, oatmeal, ground oats, and cottonseed meal in their proper proportions.
   Sufficient has been said to portray the position, high character and personal worth of our subject and those associated with him, and we leave the sketch to make its own impression in this regard. Suffice it here to say that the Doctor is most highly esteemed by all who know him. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and as a true and loyal citizen, is a member of the Republican party.

A. SEVERE. The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch is one of the most prominent cattle dealers of Palmyra Precinct, and a man who, beginning at the foot of the ladder in life has made his way by his own unaided efforts to a good position socially and financially. His farm of 280 acres is finely located on section 13, and forms one of the most desirable homesteads in this region. Upon it is a neat and substantial farm dwelling, and adjacent are the barns, sheds, scales, and all the other appliances adapted to the modern stock-raiser, while for the comfort of the family is a fine orchard and trees of the smaller fruits. A beautiful grove forms another attractive feature of the premises. The household is presided over by an intelligent and accomplished lady, the wife of our subject, and one child, a bright little boy, Harry, who was born April 8, 1883, completes the happiness of the home.
   Mr. Severe, a native of Knox County, Ohio, was born in Liberty Township, Jan. 29, 1854, and is consequently still a young man. He was a lad of nine years when he left his native State, and accompanied his parents to Harrison County, Mo., where they lived on a farm a period of six years. Our subject in September, 1869, came to Nebraska and purchased 120 acres of land, to which he added a

like amount a few months later. While a resident of Missouri he was married, Jan. 18, 1877, to Miss Martha E. Morgan, also a native of Ohio, and who was born Sept. 23. 1858. Her parents, Amos and Jane (McCammon) Morgan, emigrated from the Buckeye State to Harrison County, Mo., when she was a young girl twelve years of age. Her parents were natives of Ohio; the father is living in Missouri, and the mother is deceased. Mrs. Severe, a lady who is greatly respected in her community, is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Palmyra.
   Mr. S. identified himself with the Masonic fraternity in 1883, and is now a member of Lodge No. 64, at Palmyra; he also belongs to the Knights of Workingmen, and politically, votes the straight Republican ticket.
   The parents of our subject were Bethel and Charlotte (Conway) Severe, who were natives of Ohio and Virginia, and are now living with our subject. The father was a farmer by occupation, and the parental household included two sons and three daughters, of whom one sister of our subject is living.

LEXANDER McINTYRE. It were hard to find a more worthy and honorable representative of the business world of Palmyra or indeed of Otoe County than the well-known gentleman and much valued citizen whose history is here recorded. Mr. McIntyre is in the dry-goods and general mercantile business, and has established a reputation that is beyond question, and in his daily life manifests a character that is of the highest order.
   Mr. McIntyre is the son of Duncan and Catherine McIntyre, of Argyleshire, Scotland. His father was a shepherd all his life. He came to America to join our subject, who had previously settled in this State, and died in Russell Precinct in this county, in 1873, aged seventy-three years. His mother resides in Kansas, with her daughters, and has attained the advanced age of eighty-four years. The family circle includes five children, who received the following names: Archibald, Alexander, Mary, Donald and Catherine.
   The subject of our sketch was born on the 2d of October, 1839, in Argyleshire. His experience was common to that of boyhood in Scotland; his education obtained in the parish schools was thorough and practical, such as would do him good service in the ordinary affairs of life. At fourteen he was apprenticed as clerk in a dry-goods house in Edinburgh, where he continued for three years. This was his business college, and the practical education and training there received are with him in effect to-day, and his customers in this county may trace his efficiency in business back to that time.
   In 1856 Mr. McIntyre went to Worcester, England, and there he served for several years in the drygoods business, thus making, property speaking, his first start in life, for at Edinburgh, as above mentioned, he was simply an apprentice. On the 1st of September, 1863, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. McIntyre with Sarah, the estimable daughter of Joseph and Ann (Burden) Grainger. The parents is of this lady were English, her father being a native of Worcester and her mother of London. Mr. Grainger was in business as a grocer at the above city, and there met our subject. He is still living, and is seventy-five years of age. His wife died in 1875, being sixty-three years of age at the time of her demise. Of thirteen children born to them six grew up, of whom three were girls and three boys. The wife of our subject, who was born on the 24th of February, 1840, is the eldest of the surviving children. Her education was received in private seminaries and is complete.
   Four years after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. McIntyre set sail for America. They left Liverpool on April 3, on the steamship "Louiscana." He took a homestead of 160 acres, and in 1867 purchased an adjoining 160. He now found scope for all his a experience, and plenty of work that demanded just such determination and muscle as is usually found in natives of Scotland. He continued prosperously as a farmer for seventeen years. On the 3d of January, 1884, he came to Palmyra and engaged in mercantile pursuits, buying out Mr. R. Oakley, who had formerly carried on business here.
   Mr. McIntyre is a prominent member of the A. O. U. W., and is at present the Financier of the local Assembly, of which he is one of the charter members. In religious circles he also occupies a

high position. From his youth he has been much attached to the Presbyterian Church, and of that communion his wife and he are members. He is at Palmyra, and one of the pillars of the church serves it both in the office of Elder and that of Sunday-school Superintendent. In these relations as in every other he is held in the highest possible esteem and regard, sentiments that are accorded in like measure to his wife. In his position as a citizen Mr. McIntyre supports the Republican party, and is now a Councilman of Palmyra, where his manliness of character, his shrewd sagacity and business habits, enable him the better to represent his constituents.

OHN KASBOHM. The northeast quarter of section 29, in Wyoming Precinct, has been most effectively utilized by the subject of this sketch in the building up of one of the best regulated homesteads of this part of the county, to which he came in the spring of 1879. His land at that time had undergone very little improvement, there being upon it at the time of its purchase by Mr. K. small buildings and no fences. It is hardly necessary to state in viewing his present surroundings, that he has employed his time in the most industrious manner, and invested his capital where it would do the most good.
   The buildings of the Kasbohm farm are especially noticeable as being tasteful, compact, and erected in that substantial manner which insures the protection of both man and beast. Mr. K., in addition to general farming, has given considerable attention to live stock, having a good assortment of horses, cattle and swine. He has an orchard of flourishing apple trees, besides the smaller fruits, and has gradually gathered about himself and his family those little comforts and conveniences which have so much to do with the happiness of a home.
   Our subject, a native of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg, Germany, was born Aug. 22, 1839, and was the third child in a large family, the offspring of Jacob and Fredricka (Clocksim) Kasbohm, who were of pure German ancestry, and spent their entire lives upon their native soil. The father earned an honest living as a laborer, and died at the age of sixty years. The mother passed away in middle life. They were members of the Lutheran Church, in the doctrines of which they carefully trained their children. Six of the latter are living, three sons and three daughters, and are residents of the United States.
   Mr. Kasbohm, in common with the children of his native Empire, was placed in school at an early age, and made his home with his parents until twenty-four years old. He then decided to cross the Atlantic and try to accomplish in America what there seemed little hope of his becoming in Germany--a man of property and influence. He realized that he must make his way by slow degrees, but he possessed largely the qualities of persistence and resolution, handed down to him from his ancestors, and accordingly, after landing in New York City, was ready to employ himself at whatever he could find to do. There and in the city of Brooklyn he lived for the following nine years or more, becoming in the meantime established in a putty and paint house, of which he was a trusted employe. In the spring of 1879, however, he resolved to cross the Mississippi and see what lay beyond.
   Mr. Kasbohm has certainly had little reason to regret crossing first the Atlantic and then the Father of Waters. He had little capital upon landing in this country, being thrown upon his own resources in a strange land, but his inherent integrity and his willingness to employ himself at anything which would make him an honest living, soon secured him friends, which he has never lacked to this day. One of the earliest of these was a most estimable young lady, Miss Catherine Maefort, with whom he became acquainted in Now York City, and to whom he was married there, in 1866.
   The wife of our subject was, like himself, born in Germany, on the 18th of October, 1841. She came with friends to the United States, and, like her husband, commenced independently to earn her own living. Their wedded life began in New York, and a few months later they bid adieu to the metropolis and came to the young State of Nebraska. They have been steadily advancing since

making the experiment of life in a new country, and have contributed their full share to the prosperity of Otoe County. Of their union there was born one child only, a boy, whom they named John, and who to their great sorrow died when ten weeks old. Mr. and Mrs. K. are both members of the German Lutheran Church, and our subject, politically, is a solid Republican.

RLANDO J. DAVIS is one of the prominent citizens and enterprising stock-raisers and farmers of North Branch Precinct, and resides on section 35, where he settled in 1880. Mr. Davis was born on the 26th of December, 1844, in North Carolina, of which State his parents, Ruell R. and Biddy (Hobson) Davis, were also natives. The family removed from that State to Nebraska, settling at Mt. Pleasant, in Cass County, in the year 1856. There the father entered land and improved a farm, giving his careful and undivided attention to the cultivation of the same for the remainder of his life, which closed in the year 1864. Mrs. Davis is still living in Cass County, and has reached the age of sixty-three years.
   The family circle of which our subject is a member included nine children, of whom but seven are living: Stephen, now a grain merchant at Plattsmouth; Orlando J., our subject; Bradley H., a resident of this county; Wesley A., of Weeping Water, this State; William R., who still lives at Mt. Pleasant; Julia A., the wife of William Jameson, and John H, both of Weeping Water. Eunice, died in the year 1861, at the age of eighteen years.
   The subject of our sketch was twelve years of age when the family settled in this State, and can well remember many of the more striking features and incidents of their pioneer life. The journeys his father was compelled to take when any trading or marketing had to be done, either to Plattsmouth or Nebraska City. His father had an unusually fine advantage in settling, being possessed of over $1,000 in money, besides teams and household goods.
   As a lad, Orlando Davis spent his early days upon the home farm, and his recollections cluster around and are filled with the simple, healthful life at the home. He was from his youth acquainted with agricultural pursuits and farm life, so that it was no difficulty for him to take charge of similar work on his own account. The year 1867 witnessed his marriage with Elizabeth Howard, daughter of William H. and Julia A. Howard, were natives of Ohio.
   Mr. and Mrs. Howard were married in Parke County, Ind., and settled in Vermillion County, where their daughter Elizabeth was born on the 3d of June, 1848. Later they went to Hancock County, Ill., where they lived until 1863, and then came to Cass County, where, two years later, Mrs. Howard died, leaving her husband and six children. Mr. Howard is still living, but is a resident of Lancaster County, Neb.
   The subject of our sketch and his young wife continued to make their home in Cass County until 1870, when they migrated to Butler County, Kan., and pre-empted 160 acres of the Osage Trust Lands, which he improved by cultivation, setting out a large number of fruit trees, and erecting good buildings. After awhile he purchased an additional eighty acres, making him the owner of a total 240 acres. In the year 1873 he lost his crop grasshoppers, but did not require aid, as he had provisions in reserve, the result of more prosperous years.
   Mr. Davis continued his residence in Kansas for a little over ten years, but was not infatuated with the State and did not like the climate, consequently he removed and came to Nebraska, where he purchased his present farm, comprising 160 acres of excellent land, on which he has put up two sets of good buildings for stock and farm purposes. He feeds about fifty head of stock annually, and is the owner of some fine animals. In the vicinity of the house there are two flourishing orchards, filled with fruit trees of diverse kinds of choice variety and all excellent bearers.
   The family of our subject and his wife numbers eight children, whose names are as subjoined: Mary Eva, Frank V., Milton C., Howard O., Winford W., Pearl Ethel, Edward C. and Hannah A. The home is one of the most complete and pleasant that can be found within quite a large distance, and the children reflect the high moral tone of their parents in

their own lives. In the Methodist Episcopal Church Mr. and Mrs. Davis find that which is congenial from a religious standpoint, and their family have been instructed in the same faith.
   The subject of our sketch is an old Member of I. O. O. F., and is also affiliated with the of Modern Woodmen of America. He strongly and independently upon the temperance question, and is quite a worker in the cause. He has been called upon to hold several local offices, and was also appointed to take the State census for his district in 1875. He is an active worker for the Republican party, which he has continued to support from the time he had the privilege of franchise. He is a member of the Central Committee, and has frequently been called upon to act as a delegate to conventions. As a man he is highly respected, and has the confidence of his fellow-citizens to a marked degree.

ICHAEL HENG, a very prosperous farmer of Belmont Precinct, and one of its most extensive landowners, is the proprietor of 410 acres of valuable land, all of which is under a fair state of cultivation. It is chiefly devoted to stock-raising, his animals including Short-horn cattle of excellent breeds, Berkshire and Poland-China swine and first-class draft horses. These latter, however, he makes use of mostly on his land. He has operated with that genuine German thrift and prudence which are among the most distinctive characteristics of his nationality, and is not only in the enjoyment of a competence for the present but will have sufficient to surround himself with all the comforts of life in his declining years.
   Our subject was born in the Province of Alsace, which now belongs to Germany, but was at that time a Province of France. He first opened his eyes to the light Sept. 21, 1834, and is the son of George and Magelend (Saner) Heng, who were natives of the same Province. Michael when a youth of twenty years left his native land in April of 1855, and thereafter for one year was a resident of Shelby County, Ohio. Thence he emigrated to the city of Dayton in that State, but from there emigrated to Greene County, Ohio, where he lived three years.
   Mr. Heng came to Nebraska Aug. 18, 1859, while it was still a Territory, and settled upon land which is now included in his present farm. Of this but thirty acres had been disturbed by the plowshare, and there had been built a limited amount of fence. There was no house, and the scene around presented one extremely wild and desolate, with not the habitation of a white man in view. Our subject, however, was born with that courageous element which did not allow any ordinary matter to discourage him, and he set to work with a will to build up a home and improve his land. His first years were spent in the manner common to the early pioneers, laboring with limited market facilities, imperfect transportation, and amid all the other difficulties which beset the pioneer farmer. In the course of a few years, however, his labors met with their legitimate reward, his farm began to yield in abundance the rich products of Southern Nebraska. and he had gathered around him the various modern improvements which become necessary to the intelligent and progressive former. He is now numbered among the most prosperous men of his precinct, and is one of its most valuable and reliable citizens.
   After laying the foundation of a future home our subject was married, on the 8th of February, 1865, to Miss Jane Hoffman, who was born in January, 1845, in Germany, and is a daughter of Joseph Hoffman, who, with his wife, was a native of Germany. Both parents spent their last years in Illinois.
   To Mr. and Mrs. Heng there were born nine children, namely: George, Mary, Michael, Katy, Wilhelmina, Phelimina, John, Jennie and Sally. Mary is the wife of Mattis Meyer, of Cass County, this State. The other children are at home. The mother of these departed this life at the homestead in Belmont Precinct, June 17, 1884.
   Our subject in 1885 contracted a second matrimonial alliance, with Miss Theresa Schrider, who was born in 1850, and is the daughter of Joseph and Catrenia Schrider. Her parents were natives of Germany, and the father died about 1874, in Otoe