lin A. married Viola Coard, and they live at Humboldt. The other children of our subject and his wife are as follows: Charles Edgar, Mary A., Thomas J., Herbert J., Mattie, Elliott, Edith, Eugenia and Carrie Maud.
   Mrs. Harrison was born in Grundy County, Ill., Sept. 12, 1843. She is a daughter of William Patterson, and lived at home until the time of her marriage. Her parents, William and Martha (Halstead) Patterson, were natives of Ohio, and her father was born in Brown County, in May, 1805. He was one of the pioneers of Grundy County, going there in 1812, and became one of its prominent, substantial citizens. He took an active part in surveying and laying out the county, and he was School Director there most of the time after moving there, and helped to organize the first school, and Mrs. Harrison has a distinct recollection of the building in which it was taught. He was a member of the Republican party after its formation, and used his influence to promote its interests. He had a large farm and did an extensive business as a stock-raiser until within a few years of his death, when he sold all but ten acres of his land, and lived quite a retired life for ten or fifteen years prior to his decease, which occurred in March, 1882. His first wife died when her daughter, Mrs. Harrison, was about six years old, and he married again. By his first marriage he had eleven children.
   Mr. Harrison is a strong Republican in his political sentiments, and naturally takes a great interest in the welfare of his country, he being a loyal and patriotic citizen. He is a man of sound principles, is kind and considerate in his dealings with his neighbors, and in his family is it good husband and an indulgent father.

OHN H. BRUCH, one of the most prosperous and enterprising farmers and stock-raisers of Pawnee County, was one of the very first settlers on the prairie where he now resides in Miles Precinct, and he is conceded to be the oldest citizen in point of settlement now living in this precinct. When he came here more than thirty years ago in the very prime of early manhood the scene presented to his eyes was far different from that of to-day. He then saw this beautiful country almost fresh from the hands of nature, and looking forth on the undulating prairies, rolling away in the distance as far as the eye could see, he could scarce trace a sign of the civilizing influences that have transformed the State of Nebraska into a busy and prosperous commonwealth. It has not only been the good fortune of our subject to witness to some extent the reclamation of these vast prairies from their wild state, but to have been partly instrumental in bringing about this great change, in so far, at least, as to improve, by his own hard and well-directed labors, one of the first farms in Pawnee County, pleasantly located on section 34, Miles Precinct.
   Mr. Bruch was born in the town of Fusion, on the Delaware River, in Northampton County, Pa., July 29, 1836. His father, likewise named John, was also a native of that county, his birth taking place Oct. 22, 1801. Frederick Bruch, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Bavaria, Germany, and there learned the trade of cooper. He migrated to this country, and locating in Northampton County, carried on coopering there, having a manufactory. He was married in Pennsylvania, and there died in 1849, at the age of severity years. The father of our subject learned the cooper's trade of his father, and also carried on farming in Pennsylvania for many years, He was married in his native county to Miss Mary A. Hinkle, likewise born in Northampton County, the date of her birth being Oct. 11, 1811. Her paternal grandfather was a native of Holland, and coining to America he located in Philadelphia. He took part in the War of 1812. Her father, Joseph Hinkle, a native of the Quaker City, was a miller by occupation, and engaged in milling in Northampton County, on the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, continuing there until he retired from business, at the age of eighty years. He spent the remainder of his life with his son in Ohio, where he died soon after, in 1859. He was a capable, worthy man, and a sound Jackson Democrat in his political views. In 1855 the father of our subject started with his family to make a home on the prairies of Iowa, and thus became a pioneer of Hardin County. He purchased 320 acres of

land, and began farming, but in June, 1856, his earthly career was suddenly cut short by a stroke of lightning, he at that time being fifty-three years of age. For several years the mother of our subject continued to live in Eldora, where she owned property, but she is now a beloved inmate of his household. She is a woman of fine Christian character, and an esteemed member of the Baptist Church. Her husband likewise belonged to that church, and was a Deacon and an exhorter in the same. He was a stanch Democrat in his political views. To them were born seven children, namely: James and Emma, who live in Hardin County, Iowa; Mary, who is dead; John; Delta, who lives in Dakota; Cassey, in Chicago; and Harland P., in Washington Territory. James and Harland were soldiers in the late war. James enlisted in a Michigan cavalry regiment as bugler in 1861, was subsequently veteranized, and served throughout the entire war. Harland was in the regular cavalry, and in 1862 was sent against the Indians. In 1863 he went South, and served until the close of the war as a private.
   John Brach, of this biography, was reared on the Pennsylvania homestead which had been the place of his birth, receiving limited school advantages in the pay and district schools of the neighborhood. He was nineteen years of age when he accompanied his parents to their home in Hardin County, Iowa, and he remained there until he was twenty-three years of age, when he established himself in the same county in farming and stock-raising. He continued thus engaged until the fall of 1866, when he sought "green fields and pastures new" in the then Territory of Nebraska, making the journey with a team, and crossing the Missouri at Nebraska City. He immediately located on his present place, then comprising 160 acres of raw prairie land, he ran in debt $1 for the homestead. He built a dug-out for the shelter of his family, but the following year replaced it by a more commodious log house. In the busy years that succeeded his settlement here he broke the soil, and made many valuable improvemerits. The second year he set out the first trees for a grove, comprising cottonwood and maples, freighting them between St. Joseph, Mo., and Pawnee City, and planted a hedge, and now has his farm all hedged and cross fenced with wire. In 1880 he put up his present substantial and roomy residence, and he has erected barns, windmills, tanks, etc., having everything conveniently arranged to carry on agriculture to the best advantage. He now has a grove of ten acres of forest trees, and four acres of his land devoted to an orchard of 500 choice varieties of fruit trees. Mr. Bruch makes a specialty of hog raising, which he finds very profitable, and he has the full-blooded Poland-China hogs, of which he ships two carloads a year. He also buys and feeds cattle, and has a fine herd of graded Shorthorns. He has fourteen head of blooded Clydes, using four teams with which to operate his farm. He also engages in the business of raising fruits of all kinds. He has sold forty acres of his homestead. and not having enough of his own land to carry out all his enterprises, he rents an additional 160 acres on the same section. He has met with rare success in his various undertakings, and is now numbered among the moneyed men of his neighborhood.
   December 31, 1859, our subject and Miss Sarah Turner were united in the bonds of holy matrimony, in Marshalltown, Iowa, and of their happy union nine children have been born, namely: Mary, Charles (deceased), James, George, Oscar, Effie, Earl, Pearl (deceased) and Sadie. Mary is attending Doane College at Crete, Neb., is a member of the class of '89, and is fitting herself for the foreign mission work; Charles died while a student at Grinnell College, Iowa; James attended Doane College two years, and is at present engaged in teaching; Oscar is attending the academy at Pawnee City, and the other children are at home.
   Mrs. Brach is well educated, and is possessed in .an eminent degree of the culture and refinement of a true lady. She was born in Mercer County, Pa., Nov. 1, 1841, and remained an inmate of the parental home until her marriage. Her parents were the Rev. Robert and Jane (Henry) Turner, who were also natives of Mercer County, Pa. Her paternal grandfather, who was at one time a farmer in Ohio, moved to the aforementioned county, and there carried on farming and fruit-raising until his death. Mrs. Brach's maternal grandfather was of German descent and of America

birth. He was a farmer in Pennsylvania, and while on a visit to his daughter in Galesburg, Ill., died there, his wife dying in Pennsylvania. Mrs. Bruch's father was a minister. He taught school while prosecuting his studies, and was ordained at Andover, Ohio. He became a missionary in the Baptist Church, preaching in different places in Ashtabula County, Ohio. In 1851 he removed with his family to Henry County, Ill., and presided over different congregations there. In 1853 he crossed the Mississipppi River, and took up his abode first in Hardin County, and then in Marshall County, Iowa. He remained in that State until 1864, when he came to Pawnee County, and located in West Branch Precinct, taking up a tract of land under the Homestead Act and improving a farm. He also continued active in the ministry, established a church on West Branch, and was also sent as a traveling missionary into Kansas. His good life was brought to a close Nov. 30, 1881, at the age of seventy years. His wife died in 1853, while yet in the prime of life, being only thirty-nine years of age. They were the parents of six children, as follows: Marquis, Sarah, Anna, Eliza, Mary and Henry. The Rev. Mr. Henry was married a second time, and of that marriage the following children were born: Catherine, Robert, William, Josie and Jennie, the last three being dead.
   Mr. Brach is a well-informed man, of more than ordinary intelligence and practical sagacity, and he has consequently been a potent influence for good in this community. He is a great worker in the cause of religion, and in him the Baptist Church has one of its most valued members. He has been connected with that denomination in the capacity of Deacon ever since he was nineteen years of age. He is now Deacon of the Baptist Church at Pawnee City, and is the only charter member now connected with it. He helped build the Sunday-school of that church, and was the first Superintendent of the first Sunday-school in this district. He has represented the church at the various associations since the church was organized. In regard to politics Mr. Bruch is a stalwart supporter of Republican principles, and his advice is esteemed in the councils of the party at county conventions at which he has been a delegate. He has borne a part in the administration of local affairs, helped organize the precinct, has been a member of the School Board for eleven years, assisted in building the school-house, and at one time started a select school, and has in many ways contributed greatly to increase the educational advantages of the precinct. He was at one time Superintendent of Roads, and was active in securing good highways.

R. JAMES E. HELMES, physician, surgeon ,and druggist, located in Burchard, is justly considered one of the leading members of his profession in Pawnee County, notwithstanding that he is comparatively young to have gained such eminence. He is well grounded in medicine, having given long and careful study to its various branches, and being a graduate of one of the best medical schools in the West, and by reading keeps himself well abreast of the times, and in his extensive practice since establishing himself here has won the confidence of the people by his successful treatment of difficult cases.
   Our subject is a native of Luzerne County, Pa., born in the town of Blakeley, Oct. 15, 1856. His parents, Ziba and Phoebe (Helmes) Helmes, were natives respectively of Luzerne County, Pa., and of Steuben County, N. Y. The paternal grandfather, Joseph Helmes, was a lifelong resident of Pennsylvania. He was a wealthy farmer and owned a large farm. He lived to a venerable age, his life having been prolonged to its eighty-eighth year. The great-grandfather of our subject, who was born in Germany, came to this country some time during the eighteenth century, and when the Revolutionary War was being waged was a Tory, and sided against the Colonists in their struggle with the mother country. Samuel Helmes, the maternal grandfather of our subject, was a native of Pennsylvania, and after attaining manhood acted as Colonel in the Pennsylvania militia. He was a manufacturer and wholesale dealer of shoes, and continued in that business until his death, at the ripe old age of seventy-five, accumulating a large property.
   The father of our subject was reared on a Penn-

sylvania farm. He engaged in agriculture and also managed a sawmill on the Lackawanna River. He married in New York, but continued to reside in Pennsylvania, working at the occupations mentioned until 1863, when he moved to Illinois. He engaged in farming in Grundy County, that State, and made his home there until his premature death at the age of forty-five, in 1876. In his demise, while yet in the prime of life, his community lost a valued citizen, he having been a man of stable character, of good mental gifts, wise and ready as a counselor, and a true friend to those about him. Of that marriage three children were born, namely: James E., Mattie J. and Jennie E. The mother of our subject continued to make her home in Illinois until 1880, when she removed to Johnson County, Neb., and married John P. Swallow, a coal and grain dealer in Burchard. She is an earnest and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
   Our subject was a boy of nine years when he accompanied his parents to Illinois, and there the remaining years of his boyhood and youth were passed. He obtained the basis of a liberal education in the public schools of Grundy County, and in 1875 entered the Morris Classical Institute, where he pursued an excellent course of study for two years. His father having died in the meantime, when he left school he took charge of the home farm, and engaged in agriculture thereon until 1878. In that year he removed to Sterling, Johnson Co., Neb., but after a stay in that place of about a year, he went back to Illinois. He returned to Nebraska in a short time, in the spring of 1879, coming with a team. He bought a farm of eighty acres near Sterling, and lived with his mother while operating the farm, devoting his leisure time to the study of medicine with Dr. Shipman, of Sterling. In the winter seasons he taught school. In the winter of 1881-82 our subject attended the Keokuk Medical College, of Iowa, and in the spring of 1882 he took the post-graduate course in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Joplin, Mo., and was graduated from that institution. He then came to Burchard and established himself in his profession and has built up a large practice. He is a true gentleman and is very popular with all classes, as he is always ready to respond to the calls of the suffering, whether they be poor or rich, and does all in his power to relieve them. In the fall of 1882 the Doctor opened a drug-store, and in 1883 bought his present building, increased his stock of goods, and now has a large assortment of goods and drugs. His office is in the store. The Doctor is a shrewd, practical business man, and has made considerable money since his settlement here, which he has invested judiciously, and has put some of it in town lots, showing his faith in the future of the town.
   Dr. Helmes was married near Sterling, in 1879, to Miss Jennie M. Harris, and of their marriage one child has been born, Hazel. Mrs. Helmes was born in Iroquois County, Ill. Her parents were F. A. and Jane Harris. Mrs. Helmes was finely educated, and prior to her marriage was successfully engaged in teaching. She is a woman of rare character, who fills in a perfect measure the relations of wife, mother and friend. She is an exemplary member of the Presbyterian Church.
   The Doctor is a conspicuous figure in political and social circles of Pawnee County. He is one of the leaders of the Republican party, and is influential in the County and State Conventions of his party, which he attends as delegate. In the fall of 1888 he was candidate for nomination to the Legislature. The Doctor is prominently identified with the I. O. O. F. in Burchard, and has passed through the various chairs. He is at present County Coroner, and is also examining physician for the Galesburg Life Insurance Company.

A. ARNEAL. Although this gentleman has been a resident of Plum Creek Precinct but five years he has already won his way to a conspicuous place among its representative citizens. He is the present Justice of the Peace of this place, and is a member of the School Board, and is a well-known figure in social and religious circles. He is one of the most enterprising and practical farmers in the precinct, and his farm on section 30, with its many valuable improvements, compares favorably with the best in the neighborhood. It is well

watered by Long Branch, and is neatly fenced with hedge and wire. There are groves and an orchard of 100 trees on it, the farm buildings are substantial and in good order. Although Mr. Arneal pays much attention to the culture of corn, he by no means neglects other branches of agriculture, and is very successful in raising cattle and horses, and hogs, all of good grades, and he keeps two teams of horses for his farm work.
   Our subject comes of a mingled Irish and Scotch-Irish ancestry. His father, Thomas Arneal, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland. His grandfather, Alex Arneal, who was of Irish birth, emigrated from his native island to America in 1810, when the father of our subject was a lad of ten years. He located in Guernsey County, Ohio, in the township of Antrim. He was one of the first settlers in that place, and cleared a farm from the forests on Sugar Tree Forks, finally dying in that locality at the age of seventy-three. He gave the ground for the United Presbyterian Church in Antrim, and was an active member of the same. The father of our subject, coming to this country when a boy, grew to man's estate amid the pioneer influences of his father's forest home in Ohio. He received a very good education for the times, and acted as a schoolmaster at night for fifteen years. He established himself in the general merchandise business in Antrim, and carried it on with good financial success until 1850, and then being elected to the responsible position of County Treasurer, he sold out his business. He filled the office mentioned with so much satisfaction to his constitutents that he was re-elected in 1852. In 1854 he bought a farm in that county, and was actively engaged in farming and stock-raising until 1862, when he disposed of his farming interests and retired to Cambridge to live on his income, free from care and toil the remaining years of his life, and there his death occurred in 1876, at the ripe old age of seventy-six years. He was a man of clear judgment, cool head, and so conducted public affairs and his own private interests as to inspire confidence in his ability and integrity. He was a sound Democrat in his political sentiments, and religiously, a member of the United Presbyterian Church, as was also his wife. He had the misfortune to lose her companionship and assistance while she was yet in the prime of life, she dying in 1855, at the age of forty-three years. To them had been born four children; John P., deceased; T. A., Robert H. and Margaret J. John P. enlisted in 1861 in the 15th Ohio Infantry, Army of the West, and died in the hospital at Mumfordsville, Ky., in 1862.
   The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Sarah Paxton, and she was born in Pennsylvania. Her father, John Paxton, who was of Scotch-Irish descent, moved from Pennsylvania to Harrison County, Ohio, at an early day, and located on a 160-acre tract of timber land in the township of Cadiz, and there died in 1850, at eighty years of age. He was a Presbyterian in religion, and a rank Abolitionist politically.
   T. A. Arneal was born in Antrim, Ohio, Aug. 20, 1847. He received his education partly at Cambridge, Ohio, and remained an inmate of his father's home until he was sixteen years old, and then, inspired with youthful valor and patriotic love of country, he enlisted May 2, 1864, in Comparty D, 160th Ohio Infantry, under the command of Gens. Sigel and Sheridan, and was mustered in at Zanesville. He and his comrades were dispatched to the Shenandoah Valley, where they took part in the engagements at Cedar Creek, Maryland Heights, June 6, and skirmished up and down the valley under the gallant leadership of Phil Sheridan. Our subject did guard duty at Maryland Heights until Sept. 8, 1864, when his regiment was mustered out and honorably discharged at Zanesville. During his term of service Mr. Arneal, notwithstanding his boyish age, displayed the courage, coolness and patience of a veteran in the face of the enemy, and his military record is one in which he and his family may take a just pride. After leaving the army our subject returned to his father's home, and resumed his studies that had been so interrupted, and continued his attendance at school until he was twenty years of age, thus securing a liberal education. After that he came to Nebraska, performing the entire journey with a team. He took up it homestead of 160 acres on Turkey Creek. In 1869 he left his land and went back to Ohio, where he engaged in farming on rented land, continuing there until the spring of 1878, when he removed to

Cedar County, and located near Clarence, and was actively engaged in agriculture until the spring of 1884. At that time he came to his present place of residence in Plum Creek Precinct. There are in his farm 160 acres of exceedingly fertile soil, and our subject has completed the improvements begun before his purchase.
   Mr. Arneal has been twice married, the first time in Cambridge, Ohio, Aug. 30, 1871, to Miss Margaret Mackey. She was born in Cambridge, Aug. 1, 1847, and died Feb. 15, 1876, leaving many friends, in whose hearts her kind disposition had won her a warm place to sorrow with her family in their loss. Of that union three children were born--Luella M., Albert H. and Elmer J., the latter two being twins. Elmer is in Cambridge, Ohio; the others are at home.
   Mr, Arneal was married to his present estimable wife, formerly Miss Agnes M. Duff, in Muskingum County, Ohio, Jan. 8, 1878. Mrs. Arneal is a lady in every way, is a good housekeeper, and cordially seconds her husband's bounteous hospitality. Her parents are William and Julia (Paul) Duff, natives of Ohio. Her paternal grandfather, David Duff, was born in Pennsylvania, and was of Irish descent. He moved to Muskingum County, Ohio, in the early years of its settlement, and there spent the rest of his life, engaging in farming until his death in 1865. Andrew Paul, Mrs. Arneal's maternal grandfather, was a native of Ireland, and coming to America, located in Belmont County, Ohio. He subsequently moved to Guernsey County, the same State, and farmed there until 1859, when he went to Scott County, Iowa, where he died. Mrs. Arneal's father was a farmer in Muskingum County. In the fall of 1885 he sold his property in Ohio, and coming to this State with his family, is now living in retirement in Pawnee City. He is sixty-five years old, and his wife is sixty-three. They are devoted members of the United Presbyterian Church, and lead exemplary lives. They have eight children, namely: David K. (deceased), Agnes M., Jane, Eliza M., Andrew P., Sadie A., Clarissa, and James W. (deceased.) The marriage of our subject and his wife has been blessed to them by the birth of five children, as follows: Annie M., William C., Jessie A., Robert B. and John F. Mrs. Arneal was born in Sago, Muskingum Co., Ohio, Aug. 1, 1850, and there she grew to maturity. After reaching womanhood she was engaged in business in Bloomfield, Ohio, as a dressmaker and milliner until her marriage.
   Mr. Arneal is a man of unexceptional habits and high principles, and he has had the confidence of the people among whom he has come to make his home from the very first. He is connected with the G. A. R., belonging to W. A. Butler Post No. 172, at Burchard. He is influential in local politics, giving his support to the Republican party, and has been a delegate to County and State Conventions. Both he and his wife are active members of the United Presbyterian Church at Liberty, of which he is an Elder, and has been so ever since he was twenty-four years old.

EORGE BUSH. The farming and stock-raising interests of Pawnee County have recognized Mr. Bush as one of their most industrious and successful representatives. In the prosecution of his calling he has accumulated a good property, and forms one of the solid factors among the most important interests of this section. He was born near the city of Bristol, in Gloucestershire, England, Nov. 23, 1829, and is the son of Thomas Bush, who for many years was occupied as a book-keeper for one of the most extensive coal companies in his county.
   The early life of young Bush was spent in his native place with his parents, whose family consisted of two sons and one daughter. The mother in her girlhood was Miss Hannah Colburn. George was the second child, and the family lived a number of years on a small piece of land one and a half miles from the coal works. He was subjected to careful home training, and pursued his studies for a time in a select school. He remained a member of the parental family until twenty-three years of age, and was then married to Miss Elizabeth Sheppeard, who, like himself, was a native of Bristol, and the daughter of Thomas Sheppeard. They lived for a short time in their native county, our subject making arrangements to start for America.

Mr. Bush in the spring of 1856 gathered together his little family, and, bidding adieu to the friends and associations of his youth, set sail on the long voyage across the Atlantic to seek a home in the New World. They made but a brief sojourn after landing in New York City, migrating directly northwestward to Wisconsin, and settling on a small farm of forty acres in Dodge County. Much of this was timber, and Mr. Bush cleared a considerable portion of it, bringing the soil to a good state of cultivation.
   Our subject, however, was destined to a great affliction, as his wife died the year following his settlement in Wisconsin, leaving one child three days old. This child, a daughter, was named Elizabeth, became the wife of John E. Beek, and is now deceased. Mr. Bush five years later was married a second time, to Harriet J., eldest daughter of Alonzo and Hannah C. (Ayres) Mace. This lady was born Feb. 11, 1828, and removed with her parents to Dodge County, Wis. Mr. and Mrs. Mace were from New York State. By a former husband Mrs. Bush became the mother of one daughter, but of her union with our subject there are no children. Her daughter, Cornelia A., is the wife of Benjamin Horton, and they live near Table Rock, in this county.
   In the fall of 1863 Mr. Bush came to this county, settling first on a tract of land south of Pawnee City, where he lived three years, then removed to his present farm of 160 acres, the first eighty acres of which he obtained by entering from the Government, and the second eighty by homesteading. He has twenty acres of timber, and the balance of his land has been brought to a good state of cultivation. He has a substantial farm dwelling, which was erected at a time when material was very costly, and had to be hauled a long distance. Adjacent to this are the barns and other structures necessary for his convenience. There are fruit trees and the other accessories which assist in the completion of the modern homestead.
   Of late years Mr. Bush has turned his attention considerably to stock-raising, making a specialty of cattle and swine, the former of a high-grade breed, and the latter high-grade Poland-China. He is a man who has, in the midst of many cares and labors, borne in mind the interests of his adopted county, and given his support to the enterprises calculated for the good of her people. He began without means or other resources than his own indomitable energy, and it would seem that he might look upon the results of his labors with abundant satisfaction. He votes the straight Republican ticket, having been an adherent of this party since its organization. Aside from serving as a member of the School Board he has carefully avoided the responsibilities of office.
   The father of Mrs. Bush was an extensive farmer and land-owner, being the proprietor of three farms in New York State. He departed this life at his home, in December, 1863. The mother is still living, making her home with her youngest daughter, Mrs. Hiram Cora, of Michigan, and is now in the eighty-sixth year of her age. To her and her husband there were born six children, namely: Sarah, who died at the age of twelve years; Henry, Harriet J., John L., Amanda and Charlotte.

OSEPH K. GOUDY is numbered among the leading attorneys of Pawnee City. He was born near the city of Springfield, Clarke Co., Ohio, April 28, 1851, and was the youngest in a family of twelve children, eight sons and four daughters, seven of whom survive. Thomas B. Goudy, the father of our subject, was also a native of the Buckeye State, and married Miss Nancy P. Kirkpatrick, of the same. William Goudy, the paternal grandfather, was one of the pioneers of Clarke County, and traced his ancestry to Scotland. The Kirkpatricks were of equally good stock, being Scotch-Irish. Grandfather Goudy made good headway as a tiller of a portion of the soil of Ohio in its primitive days, and there his bones were laid to rest.
   Thomas B. Goudy, the father of our subject, also followed agriculture during his early years in his native county of Adams, removing thence to Clarke County in 1811. There he was married to Miss Kirkpatrick, and they lived in Clarke County until 1854. We next find them in Warren County, Ill., where they sojourned until 1883, when they crossed