1. WE have glanced at the campaigns which ended in the opening of the
Mississippi, and you have been told about the work of the navy. There was a great deal of fighting in the West, and the Union armies were much more successful there than in the East.

2. The Confederate force in the east was called the Army of Northern Virginia. It was first commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, and afterward by General Robert E. Lee. For months and even years, it beat back the Union army, often of superior force, in its many efforts to capture Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy.

3. General McDowell, as you have learned, made the first attempt in July, 1861. The second was that of Gen-
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eral McClellan, in the spring of 1862. He advanced near enough to see the spires and roofs of the city, but was driven back with great slaughter. McClellan was removed, and General Pope succeeded him.

4. In August, 1862, General Pope was overwhelmed by the whole Confederate army, under
Lee, on the old battle-field of Bull Run. He retreated to Washington, resigned his command, and General McClellan was again placed at the head of the Army of the Potomac.

5. General Lee now turned upon the Federals, and began an invasion of the North. A great battle was fought at Antietam (an-tee'tam), but neither side could claim a victory. Lee returned to Virginia, and McClellan was again superseded in command, this time by General Burnside.

6. General Burnside's attempt to reach Richmond was an utter failure, attended by a great loss of men at Fredericksburg. The year 1862 closed with the record of many successes for the Union in the West, and a series of disasters in the East.

7. President Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation, which was to take effect January I, 1863. It de-

clared slavery at an end throughout all parts of the country that might then be in rebellion against the United States.

8. General Hooker was the next commander of the Army of the Potomac. He attacked, in May, the Confed-

erate army, under General Lee, at Chancellorsville, but was defeated with great loss. Stonewall Jackson, one of the most brilliant of all the Confederate generals, was killed. (A. D. 1863)

9. With a splendid army of seventy thousand veterans, General Lee now invaded Pennsylvania. After maneuvering and skirmishing for a time, he was brought face to face with the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg. Here, during the first three days in July, was fought one of the most terrific battles of modern times. (A. D. 1863)

10. General Meade commanded the Army of the Potomac, which lost about twenty thousand men, the loss of the Confederates being still greater. General Lee was defeated and, retreating across the Potomac, took position beyond the Rapidan. You will observe that Vicksburg fell on the day after the battle of Gettysburg. Neither side made any other important movements in the East during the rest of the year.

QUESTIONS

1. What is said of the fighting in the West? --2. What of the Army of Northern Virginia? --3. When and by whom was the first attempt made to capture Richmond? Describe the second attempt. Who succeeded McClellan? --4. What of Pope's campaign? --5. Of General Lee's invasion of the North? What followed?

6. What of General Burnside? How did the year 1862 close?
--7. Give the history of the Emancipation Proclamation. --8. Who was the next commander of the Army of the Potomac? What success did he attain? --9, 10. Give an account of the battle of Gettysburg. What is said of the fall of Vicksburg? What is said of other important movements in the East?

© 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 for the NEGenWeb Project by Ted & Carole Miller