459

WAR HISTORY.

     THE census of 1860 shows that Washington county at that time had a population of 18,648. During the war of the rebellion the county sent over 1,000 to the field of her bravest and strongest sons.
     At the outbreak of this war Washington county was in, the full tide of activity and prosperity, Her material resources were being rapidly developed and all the various branches, of business and the learned professions were keeping pace, in the front ranks of progress. The people were just recovering from the financial crisis of 1857, and those who had toiled in the land, during those times which tried men's, souls had begun to see the dawning of better days, Immediately surrounded by the noise of industry and the continuous hum of business they heard little, and believed less of the rumored plots and plans of those who lived to grow rich from the toil and sweat of others, and whose leading branch of trade was the traffic in souls and bodies of men. But still the war was upon them, and the thundering of cannon at the very gates of the National capital soon broke the spell of busy peace, and they soon passed from a serious contemplation of the possibility of war to the realization of its actual presence and, the duties which the issues of the day made incumbent upon them as loyal citizens of the Union.
Fort Sumter was fired upon April 12, 186l,and On the 15th of the same month the President issued the following proclamation:
     "WHEREAS, The laws; of the United, States have been and are now opposed in severa1 States by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in an ordinary way, I therefore call upon the militia, of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75,000, to, suppress the said combination and execute the laws. I appeal to all loyal citizens for State aid in this effort to maintain the laws, integrity, National Union, Perpetuity of popular government, and redress wrongs long, enough endured.
     "The first service assigned forces will probably be, to repossess forts, places, and property which have been seized from the Union. The utmost care should be taken, consistent with our object, to, avoid devastation, destruction and interference with property of peaceable citizens in any part of the country, and I hereby command persons commanding the aforesaid combinations to, disperse within twenty days, from date.
     "I hereby convene both Houses of Congress for the, 4th day of July next, to determine upon measures for the public, safety as its interests may demand.

"ABRAHAM LINCOLN,
     President of the United States."
"By W. H. SEWARD.
Secretary of State."
     Of this call for volunteers, only one regiment was recruited to fill the quota, of Iowa. The proclamation of Governor Kirkwood calling for this

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regiment was issued at Iowa City, April 17th. The men of Iowa sprang to arms as one man, and hundreds of volunteers were offered whom the State did not need.
     Washington county was among the first in the state to catch the inspiration. On April 17th, 1861, the same day Governor Kirkwood issued his Proclamation, the following notice was printed and sent throughout the town of Washington and surrounding county:

"WAR MEETING.

     "A meeting of the citizens is ca11ed at the court-house to-night to consider the recent exciting events transpiring in the country. The meeting will be addressed by members of the bar and by others from this and other places. There will be no lack for listeners."
     At this meeting steps were immediately taken to respond to the Governor's proclamation, which had been received during the day, for the formation of volunteer companies, John W. Quinn was called to the chair and T. E. Cowles was appointed secretary.
     Captain H. R. Cowles, of the Washington Light Guards, stated the object, of the meeting and pledged twenty-five of the Light Guards as the basis of a company to consist of 81, men and officers. Speeches were made by Messrs. Dawson, Bennett, Chipman, Donnell and others. The roll was then presented and a number volunteered. A committee was appointed to fix the time for a county war meeting, and procure funds for the aid of volunteers' families, A subscription paper was passed around before the meeting adjourned and $800 secured.
     This military company, called the Light Guards, had been formed in 1858. This formed the nucleus of the first company which entered the Service from Washington county and was designated as company H, Second Iowa infantry. The first officers were: captain, H. R. Cowles; first lieutenant, A. L, Thompson; second lieutenant, N. P. Chipman.
     The second company to be organized was called "The Kirkwood Guards"; it was officered as follows: captain, B. Crabb; first lieutenant, W. P. Crawford; second lieutenant, G. G, Bennett. Early in May captain Cowles received orders from the governor to report his company at the rendezvous at Keokuk, on Saturday, May 20. The company was ordered to be ready for departure by Thursday, May 23d, at 1 p. M. When this was known throughout the town preparations were made to give the company a dinner before leaving. The table was set in the court-house square, and in connection with the report there were some very impressive exercises, at the conclusion of which the company took its departure for Keokuk.
     The Kirkwood Guards not having been accepted on account of Iowa's contingent being full, there was some talk of the company disbanding. The company hearing this held a meeting on the 22d of June, at which the following resolution was adopted:
     "Resolved that the Kirkwood Guards will never disband until there is no longer any hope for active service, and that we will anxiously await marching orders, ever ready and willing to bear arms wherever the flag of our country may lead, until peace is again restored."
     The anxiety of these volunteers for active service was destined to be speedily relieved, for early in July Captain Crabb received orders to report his company at Burlington as soon as possible, The company, as soon as it

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could be got together, departed for Burlington where it was mustered into the United States service, and became company H of the Seventh Iowa infantry.
     The "Washington Rifles" was the next company to leave for the seat of war; it was officered as follows: captain, W B. Bell; first lieutenant, S, E. Rankin; second lieutenant, A. A. Rodman.. The company left Washington for the rendezvous at Davenport on the 20th of August, 1861. Just a short time before the departure of the train which conveyed the company to Davenport, a most shocking suicide was committed. John Morton, a member of the company, shot himself through the heart with a pistol and died almost instantly. It is supposed that Morton was laboring under temporary insanity. Upon arriving at Davenport this company was mustered into the service and became company C of the Eighth Iowa infantry,
     The next company was the Richmond Guards, which became company E of the Tenth Iowa infantry. The officer's were as follows: captain, N. A. Holson; first lieutenant, R. J. Mohr; second lieutenant, W. W. Purcell. These four companies were all that entered the service from the county during 1861.
      The following companies were altogether, or in part, enlisted from the county: company F, Eleventh infantry, captain Moore; company I. Thirteenth infantry, captain Elrod; company K. Thirteenth infantry; captain Woodford; company I, Eighteenth infantry, captain Blanchard; company C, Nineteenth infantry, captain Stanton; company A, Twenty-fifth infantry, captain Palmer; company I, Twenty-fifth infantry, captain Russell; company E, Thirtieth infantry, captain Burges; company K, Thirtieth infantry, captain Cook.
     During the war but one draft occurred in Washington county, which occurred in October, 1864. By special effort, Iowa, Lime Creek, Cedar, Jackson, Washington and Seventy-six townships used their quotas by volunteering, persons in the remaining townships being subject to the draft. The following is a list of the persons drafted:
English River - Nestor A. J, Young, John O. Laughlin, Abraham West, John J. Weiland, Larkin Stuckey, Joseph Mearick. Stephen B. Cooper, Samuel Tomlinson, James H. Casey, Anthony Kailer. Alternates-John Wesack, Van Ransalaer Pool, Edward Ferribee, Daniel Legore, Benjamin J, Ayres, Andrew J. Accord, Isaac J. Matthews, Rinaldo C. Taylor, John B. Housel, Lawrence Shillig,
Brighton - Levi G. Moore, John D, Cramer, Vinton Moore, Samuel Gordon. Alternates-Thomas B. Parsons, Thomas Hughes, Archibald Peasley, Sam Pollock.
Dutch Creek - F. T, Townsend, Rollin Bathurst. Henry A. Bathurst, James N. Crowner, Edmund Humphrey, A. H, Hausher, Francis Loveland. Bernard Varrand, Wesley Miller; Levi Crouch. Alternates-Joseph H. Williamson, John S. Whitmore, Jacob Engel, Jesse V, Harvey, Richard James, Jefferson Hollington. Absalom Baxter, Solomon Felter, Samuel Redenbaugh, Robert McCaleb.
Oregon - Owen P. Pratt. Fred. W. Harding, Daniel Love, .John Frederick. Alternates-John C, Adams. Robert U. Coe, Ed, Stone, .John McGugin,
Marion- Joseph Roth, William Clapper, John W. Kenley, James H. Gray, William W. Wilder, William Shepard. Alternates-Peter Dantzer, Johll G. Mickey, Joseph J. Powell, Reason Davidson, Martin Conrad, Samuel Essley.

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Clay - John W. James, Allen Meacham, Edward W. Whitacre. Alternates-Levi Stebbio&, Wil1iam H. Dil1on, George Dickerson.
Crawford - William J. Benson, John M. Cooper, John Lowery, Calvin Cummings, John W. Taylor, William Brown, Milton D. Anderson. Alternates-Jason H. Martin, Nathan R Sawyer, Daniel : N. Thompson, Samuel, McKee, Wilson M. Moore, James H. Workman, Homer Coughey.
Highland - Montgomery Clark, Thomas A. Owen. Alternates: - Frederick C. Leffler, John W. Little.
Franklin - Daniel Anderson, Jacob Summerman, Francis Hager, John McKinsie, William Clark, William Wilson. Alternates - Charles S. Shepard, Adam Cavit, James, Vincent, Isaac Maitland, Abraham Cocklin, Timothy Love.
     The following account of the, regiments recruited in whole or in; part from Washington county is compiled from the adjutant-general's reports:

SECOND INFANTRY.

     Washington county has the distinguished honor of being represented ill the noble, heroic, battle-scarred Second Iowa, whose name and fame will live so long as the State exists or the nation lives. It was the first regiment of three years' men raised in the State. It was organized early in May, 1861, with Samuel R. Curtis as colonel, who was immediately promoted to major-general. A complete history of its participation in the war for for the Nation's life would fill a volume. It had six colonels, two of whom were killed, one promoted to major-general, and two to brigadier-generals. It was in the following engagements, and its battle-torn banners suspended in the State arsenal, tell the story of its prowess: Fort Donelsan, February 14, 15, 1862.
Shiloh, April 6th and 7th.
Advance on Corinth, August 10th to 29th.
Corinth, October 3d and 4th. On the afternoon of the 3d, in the fierce encounter of "White House,'" Colonel Baker was mortally wounded. On the 4th, in the assault in front of the town, Lieutenant-colonel N. W. Mills was mortally wounded.
Little Bear Creek, Ala., November 28, where an engagement with the enemy under Gen. Roddy was had.
Town Creek, Ala., April 1863, where Roddy was met again.
Resaca, Ga., May 13th and 15th, 1863, where the place was evacuated by the enemy.
Rome Cross Roads, Ga., May 16, 1864, where the regiment was deployed as skirmishers on the left of the line.
Dallas, Ga., May 27, 28, 29, 1864, where the regiment established and, entrenched the most advanced line of the army, and maintained it against desperate assaults.
Kenesaw Mountain, June 10th to 30th, 1864, where the regiment took active part in the siege.
Nick-a-jack Creek, Ga., July 4, 1,864, where an the right of the skirmish line of the Sixteenth army corps the regiment had a fight in the afternoon and evening.
     At Atlanta, July 20 to August 27, 1864; on the 22d of July the regiment was actively engaged holding a position between the two batteries at the division and protected by light breast works. It captured one stand of

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colors and a number of prisoner's. On the 4th of August, while establishing the picket line of the division it had a heavy skirmish. It was also actively engaged during the whole siege of that city.
Jonesboro, Ga., August 30, 18th. While supporting Kilpatrick's cavalry, the Second, with the Seventh Iowa, had a, severe fight with the enemy and repulsed them.
Eden station, Ga., December 7, 1864. The regiment was the first sent across the pontoon bridge over the Great Ogechee River, laid for the. Army of the Tennessee, and meeting the enemy skirmished for a mile, when, coming upon a barricade assaulted it, drove the enemy and occupied the station.
Little Ogechee, Ga., December. 10th to 20th, 1864. In the operations, along this river the regiment was actively engaged.
Savannah, Ga., December 21, 1864. The regiment was, in line and entered the city with the corps on that day.
Columbia, S. C., February 15th and 16th. In the operations which resulted in the capture of this city, the regiment played an important part.
Lynch's Creek, S. C., February 15, 1865. The regiment being in advance of the division and corps was forced to ford this creek, three-fourths of a mile wide. Before it was across it was attacked by the enemy's cavalry, and for three hours there was a lively contest, but other regiments and artillery corning up the enemy was driven away.
Goldsboro, N. C., March 24th to April 10th, 1865. The regiment now turned face northward in the grand triumphal march to Washington, and as a special mark of honor was placed in front and was the first of the grand old Army of the Tennessee to enter the city.
     During 1861 and part of 1862 the regiment served in Missouri. It was at Fort Donelson the regiment won its greatest renown, when as a forlorn hope, it made what was undoubtedly the most gallant, reckless, and successful charge of the whole war. Fighting had been going on all the forenoon of the 15th of February, 1862, and the Federal forces were losing ground.
     The key to the rebel position lay on the crest of a steep hill whose sides, were obstructed, by dense thicket, in front of the earth works on the crest, about one hundred yards, distant, was a formidable abatis, to pass which an assaulting column must break its line and move by the flank in two divisions. Between the abatis and breastworks were no obstructions.
     Unless these earthworks could be taken, Federal success was futile. The tender of the "forlorn hope" was made to several regiments and declined, when it reached Col. J. M. Tuttle, of the Second.
     "Colonel, will you take, those works?" asked Gen. Smith,
     "Support me promptly, and in twenty minutes I will, go in."
     He went in. Dividing his regiment, he with the left wing began to scale the hillside, The abatis was reached by slow and toilsome tread, and not a gun was fired, but scarcely was the abatis passed and the gallant boys got into line; when the concentrated fire of three rebel regiments belched upon them, and at the first, fire, of the gallant three hundred, one hundred and fifty went down. With a heroism of desperation the fragment closed up its shattered ranks and pushed on, and before them two rebel regiments quailed and fled, save a few who bit the dust from bayonet thrusts. A Mississippi regiment still remained, but, the other column of the Second coming up put them also to flight. The key of the rebel position was taken, fifteen thousand prisoners, a large quantity of ordnance stores, and other property

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was the result of the victory. The commander-in-chief and every division commander who were in this fight were made major generals, and every brigade commander, a brigadier. The Second Iowa, therefore! made Grant, Smith, McClelland and Wallace major generals, Lauman and ten others, brigadiers. It broke the line of the enemy's defenses, extending from Bowling Green to Columbus; forced Johnson to evacuate Bowling Green; captured Buckner, and frightened Pillow into flight from Donelson; compelled Polk to evacuate Columbus on the Mississippi, and opened the whole country south of the Memphis and Charleston railroad. Glorious old regiment! What marvel that it was given the post of honor in the Army of the Tennessee!
     The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12th, 1865, Under the call of 1861-'62, 1,268 men were enlisted in the regiment; on the 31st of December, 1863, the strength of the regiment in officers and men was 568. By special orders of May 21st, 1864, the regiment was reorganized, the lion-veterans mustered out, and the veterans consolidated with the veterans of the Third, November 8th, 1864, as the Second veterans.
     The casualties during the war were:
     Officer's-Killed, 8; died, .8; discharged, 3; wounded, 27; resigned, 31, Total, 74.
     Privates-Killed, 73; died, 169; discharged, 359; wounded, 294, Total, 880.
Washington county was represented in the field and staff officers, to-wit:
Henry R. Cowles, lieutenant-colonel.
Norton P. Chigsman, adjutant,
Mathew G. Hamil, major, veterans.
William J. Herritt, sergeant-major, veterans.

Israel, William T., enlisted May 6, 1861; discharged July 16, 1861.
Parshall, McDonald, enlisted August 6, 1861.

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John C. Eichelberger, eighth corporal; promoted to fourth sergeant May 9, 1862.
Samuel M. Eicher, musician; died April 1, 1862.

PRIVATES.

Amarine, Hugh, died November 8, 1863, at Washington.
Amarine, Moses, veteranized December 3, 1863.
Ault, Frederick.
Andrews, John W., died October 28, 1861.
Barnes, Andrew J. P., promoted to fifth corporal April 1; 1862; captured at Corinth October 4, 1862; reduced to ranks November 24, ]862; veteranized December 23, 1863.
Blue, John C.
Burill, Edward.
Creath, William, promoted to fifth corporal November 24, 1862; veteranized as second corporal December 22, 1863.
Crawford, James N.
Coe, Robert H., discharged May 21, 1862 for disability.
Crawford, Austin, wounded at Corinth, Miss., October 4, 1862.
Curran, Thomas, wounded at Shiloh April 6, 1862; discharged October 14, 1862, for wounds.
Currie, James M., enlisted May 22, discharged December 31, 1862, for disability.
Crouch, Levi, discharged February 1, 1862, for disability.
Dawson, Wm., promoted to fourth corporal October 1, 1861; discharged February 17, 1863, for disability.
Dawson, Joseph H. C., died September 28, 1861.
Donovan, Lemuel, promoted to sixth corporal November 24, 1862; veteranized December 23, 1863, as fifth sergeant; promoted to second lieutenant November 10, 1864; to first lieutenant January 14, 1865.
Davidson, John M. promoted to fifth sergeant September 25,1861: reduced to ranks at his own request May 9, 1862; veteranized December 23, 1863: promoted to second lieutenant May 30, 1864; to first lieutenant June 24. 1864; to captain January 14, 1865.
Easton, Andrew M., wounded at Donelson February 15, 1862; discharged July 21, 1862, for disability.
El1iott, Francis L., discharged J u1y 21, 1862, for disability.
Easton, John A., promoted to second corporal September 23, 1861; discharged February 14, 1864, for disability.
Funston, Robert B., veteranized December 23, 1863.
French, Marvin, killed at Corinth October 3, 1862.
Frisbie, Simeon A. Funk, Jacob S., wounded at Corinth October 3, 1862.
Fleake, Henry Clay, discharged January 3, 1863, for disability.
Farley, George B., wounded at Ft. Donelson February 15, 1862; veteranized December 23, 1863, as fifth corporal. .
Gilmore, James.
Griffith, John W.
Hammond, David H.
Haynes, Joshua H.
Herritt, William J., promoted to fourth corpora) December 1,1861 ; to third sergeant October 7, 1862.
Husband, Gaspar T., discharged May 21, 1862.
Hainor, David H., veteranized December 23, 1863.
Hettering, Moses, veteranized December 23, 1863, as sixth corpora1.
Johnson, William V., discharged January 21, 1862, for disability.
Kelly, Greenberry.
Lindsley, Aaron, discharged February 11, 1862, for disability.
Murkin, James, wounded at Corinth, October 3, 1862.

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McCurdy, William, promoted to sixth corporal May 1, 1862; wounded at Corinth; reduced to ranks at his own, request November 4, 1862.
Miller James M., promoted to seventh corporal May 7, 1862; transferred May 18, 1863, to first lieutenant First Alabama colored infantry.
Matthews, James H.
Moore, Isaiah G. discharged September 25, 1861 to accept captaincy in company F, eleventh infantry.
Menning, William.,
McKinnie, Patson L,
Neeswanger, Levi W. veteranized; December 23, 1863.
Neal, Oliver P.
Neal, George W., promoted to seventh corporal; thence to first corporal; thence to third sergeant; thence to second lieutenant August 7, 1862; killed at Corinth October 4, 1862.
Paxton, Finley, died January, 16, 1861.
Parker, Byron R., discharged April 1, 1862, for disability.
Robb, David N., discharged April 2, 1862,for disability.
Russell, Henry O.
Sisson, Elbert.
Swishee, Philander, promoted; to fourth sergeant October 9, 1861; reduced to thee ranks, at his own request, May, 9, 1862.
Shaw, John T., discharged April 2, 1862, for disability.
Stewart, John H., promoted to second corporal October 1, 1862,
Stewart, Edgar B., discharged October 23, 1862.
Shaffner, Sebastian, wounded at Donelson February 15, 1862., Teas, Lucien L. Vincent, William J., discharged
April 1, 1862, for disability.
Varney, Wil1iam E., promoted to eighth corporal November 1,1862.
Williams, David M., promoted to seventh corporal; thence to third sergeant December 1,18'61; thence to second lieutenant October 5, 1862; thence to first lieutenant November 1, 1862; resigned July 24, 1863.
Williams, John S., discharged. February 4, 1863, t'o17 disability.
Williams, Thomas Y., discharged November 28, 1861, for disability.
Wilson, John W.
White, Joseph.

ADDITIONAL.

Ault, Joseph, enlisted December 10, 1861, veteranized December 22, 1863.
Corbin, Schuyler Z., promoted to eighth corporal May 1, 1861; enlisted September 9, 1861.
Calvert., Stephen A., enlisted August 25,1862; discharged February 17, 1863, for disability.
Compton, Wesley R,. enlisted December 21, 1861; wounded at Donelson February 15, 1862.
Fullerton, John R., enlisted January 16,1862; died March 30, 1862.
Miller, John W., enlisted September 9, 1861; discharged November 20, 1861, for disability.
Pickens, Orange E., enlisted January 16,1862; discharged June 16, 1862, for disability.
Pyle, Theodore, enlisted August 12, 1862; discharged February 28, 1863, for disability.
Vandyke, William H. H., enlisted September 9; 1861; discharged January 16, 1862.
Vandyke, John W. S., transferred to invalid corps February 15, 1864; enlisted September, 9, 1861.

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SECOND VETERAN INFANTRY.

Matthew G. Hamil, major; commissioned June 23, 1864; wounded at Jonesboro, August 30, 1864; resigned March 29, 1865.
William, J. Herritt, setgeant-major; appointed May 1, 1864.

COMPANY C.

James C. Urie, second sergeant; enlisted December 1, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant November 10, 1864; wounded at Fort Donelson February 15, 1862.

COMPANY H.

John Y. Davidson, first lieutenant; commissioned June 24, 1864; veteranized December 23, 1863.
Lemuel Donovan, second lieutenant; from fifth sergeant November 10, 1864; veteranized December 23, 1863.
John W. Wilson, second sergeant; veteranized December 23, 1863.
William McCurdy, fourth sergeant; wounded at Corinth October 4, 1862; veteranized December 23, 1863.
William Creath, second corporal; veteranized December 23, 1863.
Levi Neiswanger, third corporal; veteranized December 23, 1863.
Joseph Ault, fourth corporal; veteranized December 23,1863.
George B. Farley, fifth corporal; veteranized December 23. 1863.
Moses Hettering, sixth ,corporal; veteranized Decemb,er23, 1863;

PRIVATES.
Amarine, Moses, veteranized December23, 1863.
Aughey, Daniel L., enlisted February 29, 1864.
Burton, Hiram, enlisted January 15, 1864.
Bently, David S., enlisted February 1, 1864.
Browner, Alexander, enlisted February 6, 1863.
Barnes, A. J. P., enlisted December 23, 1863.
Davidson, Moore G., enlisted January 14, 1864.
Fauston, R. B., veteranized December23, 1863.
Farr, Caldwell H., enlisted January 14, 1864.
Glasgow, Robert, enlisted March 31, 1864.
Graham, Alexander, enlisted January 29, 1864.
Hainor, D. H., enlisted December 23, 1863.
Hoyworth, Edward, enlisted February l, 1864.
Lemon, John, enlisted January 15, 1864.
McClelland, John S., enlisted February 29, 1864.
Montgomery, Leroy O., enlisted February 29, .1864.
Montgomery, Oliver, enlisted February 29, 1864. .
Myers, Annanias, enlisted February 6, 1864.
Nichols, Henry, enlisted January .15, 1864.
Oburn, William, C., enlisted January 15, 1861.
Parish, Francis M., enlisted January 30, 1864.
Porter, William, enlisted January 30, 1864.
Rogers, Jesse, enlisted January 16, 1864.
Romine, John H., enlisted February 5, 1864.
Stewart, Charles N., enlisted January 16, 1864.
Swan, Amos, enlisted Dec. 23, 1863.
Stickley, Benjamin B., enlisted January 15, 1861.
Tarr, Caldwell N., enlisted January 14, 1864.

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Wallace, William, enlisted January 5, 1864.
Williams, Richard R., enlisted August 15, 1863
Young, John B., enlisted January 30, 1864.

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