Frank A. Kullbom, who makes a specialty of raising and feeding stock as he carries on his farming interests in Wright township, was born in Henderson county, Illinois, December 8, 1875, his parents being Gustav and Albertine Kullbom, natives of Sweden. They arrived in the United States in 1873, first settling in Henderson county, Illinois, where they resided until their removal to Pottawattamie county, Iowa. Here the mother still makes here home but the father was called to his final rest in 1896. Their family numbered six children, of whom Frank A. is the eldest, while the others are: Clarence E., now living in Nebraska; Charles H., of Pottawattamie county; John P., of Mills county, Iowa; and Albert G. and Lewis, both living in this county.

Frank A. Kullbom remained with his parents until he had reached adult age. He then returned to Henderson county, Illinois, where he worked by the month at farm labor for a year and a half. On the expiration of that period he again came to Pottawattamie county and took up farming on his own account, renting land for six years. He carefully saved his earnings during that period and invested in eighty acres of land on section 17, Wright township, which he at once began to cultivate and improve. He has since added forty acres to the original tract and. now owns and farms one hundred and twenty acres, his fields bring forth rich harvests, while in his pastures are found good grades of stock, as he is now largely engaged in raising and feeding.

Mr. Kullbom made preparations for having a home of his own by his marriage, in 1896, to Miss Bertha May Orton, who was born in this county,

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a daughter of B. D. and Isora Orton, who are now residents of Oakland, Iowa, Their family numbered eight children, while unto Mr. and Mrs. Kullbom but one daughter has been born, Gladys May.

The parents attend and support the Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. Kullbom votes with the republican party, which recognizes in him a stalwart champion. Upon its ticket he was elected to the office of township trustee, in which he is now serving. He and his wife deserve much credit for what they have accomplished as the years have gone by. At the time of their marriage their possessions practically consisted of but one team of horses, By their good management, economical living and unfaltering diligence they managed to save a sum sufficient to purchase a fine farm and are now living in comfort at their pleasant home in Wright township, being classed with the prosperous farming people of the locality.

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WILLIAM L. THROP.

William L. Throp was the owner of The Maples, one of the fine farms of Carson township, and for a third of a century was identified with the agricultural interests of the county prior to the time when death terminated his labors on the 6th of October, 1906. He was a, native of Kingston. Decatur county, Indiana, born January 21, 1846, his parents being John C. and Margaret (Hood) Throp. The father was born in New Jersey and was descended from old Puritan stock The mother's birth occurred in Kentucky and her father, Samuel Hood, was of Irish extraction. The marriage of John C. Throp and Margaret Hood was celebrated in Indiana, to which state they had removed with their respective parents from New Jersey at an early day.

Unto them were born five sons and four daughters, of whom William L. Throp was the sixth in order of birth. His boyhood and youth were spent in his native county and in its public schools he acquired his education, while upon the home farm he received ample training in the work of the fields. He continued to reside in Decatur county until twenty-six years of age, when in 1872 he came to Pottawattamie county; where his remaining days were passed. The trip to Iowa was made with his brother, John W. Throp, and in the year of his arrival he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of what became his homestead farm. To this he added as his opportunities increased until within the boundaries of the property were comprised two hundred and twenty-five, acres of rich and productive land, It was, however, unbroken prairie when it came into his possession and with characteristic energy he began to break the sod and till the fields, carrying forward the farm work until his place became a splendidly developed property, bearing rich crops and presenting a most attractive appearance, He and his wife set out all of the trees upon the farm, which add much to its beauty and to its value. Mr. Throp erected good buildings here and put his whole farm under cultivation, giving undivided time and attention to its

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development and improvement. It was his desire to live and die upon this place, which was appropriately named The Maples, owing to the many fine trees of that character which are seen here. He raised both grain and stock, and while his fields produced rich harvests his pastures also produced fine grades of cattle.

On the 20th of January, 1876, in the first church built in old Macedonia--a church of the Presbyterian denomination--was celebrated the marriage of William L. Throp and Miss Carrie Potter, who was born in Rhode Island, October 21, 1857, and came to Iowa with her mother and her brother in April, 1871. Her parents were Ira and Sybil (Winsor) Potter. Her father died in Rhode Island just prior to the removal of the family to the middle west and the mother's death occurred in this county, April 10, 1900, when she was eighty-two years of age. She was bright and active to the last, retaining her physical and mental faculties to a remarkable degree. She was twice married and by each union had two children. Fred Potter, a brother of Mrs. Throp, died in 1879. Unto our subject and his wife were born a daughter and two sons: Jennie, the wife of E. C. Anderson, who operates the farm for her mother and by whom she has three daughters: Gladys Alae, Florence Evelyn and Sylvia Caroline; Frederick, who is living in Guthrie Center and is married and has one son, Harold Edward; and Paul J., at home.

From the time that age conferred upon him the right of franchise until his death William L. Throp was a stalwart advocate of the republican party and held minor township offices, including that of justice of the peace. He was a devoted, faithful and active member of the Presbyterian church of Carson and at one time served as an elder in the church. Both he and his wife became charter members at the time of the organization of the church and Mrs. Throp is today the only survivor of the original membership. His life was ever honorable, in consistent harmony with his professions. He endeavored closely to follow the Golden Rule and his religion was not a matter merely of church attendance but constituted a force in his everyday life and in his relations with his fellowmen. He was never known to take advantage of the necessities of another in a trade transaction and his influence was ever given on the side of progress, reform and righteousness. His death thus became a matter of uniform regret when, on the 6th of October, 1906, he was called from this life.

Charles Henry Talbott, engaged in farming and stock-raising, making a specialty of feeding cattle and hogs, is located on section 13, Grove township. Here he has one hundred and sixty acres of rich and productive land and the greater part of the improvements upon the place stand as monuments to his thrift and labor. His life record had its beginning in Des Moines county, Iowa, on the 12th of July, 1858. His parents, J. W. and Jane (Gowdy)

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Talbott, were pioneer residents of the state, arriving here in 1840 or sixty-seven years ago. The family home was established in Des Moines county and for many years the father engaged in farming, while for a considerable period he devoted his energies to the conduct of an implement business. At present, however, he is living retired, making his home at Mediapolis, Iowa. He has now attained the age of seventy-seven years and his has been an active and useful life. He holds membership in the Baptist church, of which his wife was also a member. Mrs. Talbot passed away in 1905 at the age of seventy-three years and thus the worthy couple who had long traveled life's journey together were separated by the hand of death. In their family were six sons and two daughters, as follows: Oscar, who is now residing in Cass county, Iowa; Hamilton, living in Pottawattamie county; Melvin, whose home is in Missouri; William, who resides in Des Moines county, this state; John, who died in Des Moines county in 1901; Bertha, at home; and Nellie, deceased.

Charles H. Talbott was reared in Des Moines county in the usual manner of farm lads of that period. He attended the district schools and when not busy with his text-books worked in the fields. He has been dependent upon his own resources from the age of twenty-one years and the success that he has achieved is well merited. He has resided in Pottawattamie county during the past twenty-three years, locating in Waveland township at the time of his arrival. For two years he cultivated a rented farm and on the expiration of that period he established his home in Barton county, Kansas, where he also lived for two years. He then again came to Pottawattamie county and settled in Grove township, where he has since lived. His farm of one hundred and sixty acres comprises the west half of the southeast quarter and the north half of the northwest quarter of section 13, Grove township. He has placed substantial improvements upon it and the land is now productive, owing to the careful manner in which he has cultivated his crops. His work results in bringing to him large harvests annually and everything about his farm is well managed. He raises stock and also is engaged in feeding both cattle and hogs and these branches of his business are proving remunerative.

On the 21st of December, 1891, Mr. Talbott was married to Miss Emma J. Siefford, who was born in Waveland township, a daughter of William Siefford, one of the early settlers there. Mr. and Mrs. Talbott are well known in the community and have a large circle of friends, who esteem them highly because of their possession of many excellent traits of character. Mr. Talbott gives a stalwart support to the democracy.

S. L. Felt has since 1892 resided on his present farm of two hundred and thirty-five acres of arable land on sections 2 and 3, Wright township. He was born in Morrow county, Ohio, October 10, 1853, and acquired his education in the public schools while spending the days of his boyhood and youth in the home of his parents, William L. and Matilda (White) Felt, the former a

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native of Michigan and the latter of the Buckeye state. Their family numbered eight children and those who still survive are: S. L.; Rollie W., living in Madison, Nebraska, Mertilla, the wife of Thomas Mortimore, of Nebraska; and Sadie, the wife of Frank Anson, of the same state. The parents, too, are now residents of Nebraska.

The educational and other advantages which S. L. Felt received were quite limited, for it became necessary that he earn his own living at the early age of eight years. At the time when other boys were attending school and enjoying the pleasures of the playground he was busy with various tasks. He continued to work as a farm hand until he reached adult age and gave his parents all of his wages. He then determined that his labors should benefit himself and to this end he took up his abode upon a rented farm in Muscatine county, Iowa, in 1878. There he lived for two years and in 1880 removed to Shelby county, Iowa, where he again cultivated a rented farm for six years. On the expiration of that period he became a resident of Valley township, Pottawattamie county, where he leased land and continued to engage in general agricultural pursuits for six years or until 1892, when the capital that he had saved from his earnings justified his purchase of two hundred and thirty-five acres of land on sections 2 and 3, Wright township, where he now lives. In addition to tilling the soil he has engaged quite largely in raising and feeding high grade cattle and hogs, and both branches of his business are bringing to him a gratifying profit.

On the 5th of September, 1887, Mr. Felt was united in marriage to Miss Mary Westfall, who was born in Rochester, New York, a daughter of Charles and Christina Westfall, whose family numbered eight children. Mr. and Mrs. Felt have become the parents of ten children, of whom seven are yet living: Minnie, the wife of Ernest Franklin, of Cass county, Iowa; and Etta May, Lena C., William, Orrin, Martha and Esther, all of whom are at home.

Mr. and Mrs. Felt belong to the Christian church and are much interested in its work. Fraternally he is identified with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, his membership being with lodge No. 94, at Walnut, Iowa, and he has also filled all of the chairs in the Odd Fellows lodge at Lewis, in which he holds membership. He is now serving as a school director and in politics is a democrat. His influence is ever found on the side of advancement and improvement, whether along material, intellectual, social or moral lines.

For thirty-seven years Joseph Jones has been a resident of Pottawattamie county, having arrived here in 1870, and for fourteen years he has been a resident of the village of Macedonia. His birth occurred in Bedford county, Virginia, in 1840, and he is a representative of one of the old families of that state. The ancestry, however, can be traced back to Wales, where

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the great-grandfather was born. Leaving that little rock-ribbed country, he crossed the Atlantic to the new world and settled in Virginia, where occurred the birth of James Jones, the grandfather of our subject. Joseph and Mary (Dickey) Jones, parents of Joseph Jones of this review, were also natives of the Old Dominion, whence they removed to Ohio and eventually became residents of Davis county, Iowa, where both spent their remaining days. Their family numbered nine children.

In taking up the personal history of Joseph Jones we present to our readers the life record of one who has become widely known in this section of Pottawattamie county during a long residence here and owing to his close connection with its business development. He was only two years of age when his parents removed from Virginia to Ross county, Ohio, and the year 1848 witnessed their arrival in Davis county, Iowa, where they cast in their lot with the pioneer settlers, so that he was reared amid the wild scenes, environments and experiences incident to life on the frontier. He aided in the arduous task of developing a new farm and continued under the parental roof until twenty-two years of age, after which he spent six years in mining in Colorado. In 1870 he arrived in Macedonia township, Pottawattamie county, and has since been identified with its agricultural interests. He has bought and improved two farms, one lying in Carson township comprising two hundred and forty acres on sections 8 and 9, which he still owns. He also developed and improved a good farm of eighty acres on section 16, Macedonia township, which he has sold to his son. For a long period he was extensively engaged in feeding stock, which proved an important source of revenue to him. During the past fourteen years, however, be has lived in the village of Macedonia, being pleasantly located in the town while giving supervision to his property interests.

Two years after his arrival in the county Mr. Jones was married in 1872 to Miss Mary E. Bryan, who was born in Logan county, Illinois, in 1852 and in 1868 came to this county with her parents, Alfred and Martha Bryan, who were natives of Kentucky. The father died in Missouri arid the mother is still living in that state. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Jones have been born two daughters and two sons: Flora and Charles M., both now deceased; Ernest, who is living upon the farm on section 16, Macedonia township; and Minnie, the wife of Fred Gross, a teacher in the high school of Macedonia.

Mr. Jones belongs to Ruby lodge, No. 412, A. F. & A. M., and he exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party. He has held some minor township offices and in all matters of citizenship is loyal to the best interests of his community. Prominent among the energetic, far-seeing and successful business men of the locality he is numbered, and his life history most happily illustrates what may be attained by faithful and continued effort in carrying out an honest purpose. He is, moreover, known not only as a capable business man but also as one of the pioneer residents of the state, having made his home in Iowa since 1848--just two years after the admission of the state into the Union. Almost six decades have since passed and the work of improvement and progress

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begun in the early days has been carried forward until almost every acre of the great state of Iowa is cultivated, while in its commercial and industrial interests it is not far behind many of the older states of the east. It is preeminently, however, an agricultural state, owing to its broad prairies and rich soil, and in his community Mr. Jones has borne his full share in its development along this line.

J. F. McGinty is actively engaged in farming and in the raising and feeding of stock in Neola township, where he owns and operates a farm of two hundred and forty acres on sections 21 and 22. This is a neat and well improved property, indicating the careful supervision and practical methods of the owner, who is one of Iowa's native sons, his birth having occurred in Clinton county, February 28, 1869. His father, John McGinty, was born in Ireland and was there reared to the age of nineteen years, when in 1854 he crossed the Atlantic to the United States. For four years he remained a resident of Delaware and in 1858 came to Iowa, settling in Clinton county, where he opened up a farm. In his agricultural pursuits he met with gratifying success, becoming the owner of four hundred acres of rich and productive land, so that he was enabled to enjoy not only the necessities but many of the comforts and luxuries of life as well. He married Miss Ann McDemott, who was also of Irish birth. Her death occurred in 1893, while Mr. McGinty departed this life in July, 1899. They were the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters: Thomas, a retired farmer living at Dewitt, Iowa; J. F., of this review; John, who reached adult age and died in 1902 at the age of twenty-four years; Joseph, a farmer, real-estate dealer and prosperous citizen of Huron, South Dakota; Mary, the wife of John Higgins, of Hartington, Nebraska; Sarah, the wife of Daniel Lawler, of Dewitt, Iowa; Kate, at home; and Theresa, the wife of Ambrose Hester, a resident of northern Iowa.

In taking up the personal history of J. F. McGinty we present to our readers the life record of one who is widely and favorably known in this locality. He was reared in his native county upon the home farm, acquired a common-school education and during the vacation periods assisted his father in the work of field and meadow. When a young man he removed to Pottawattamie county and located upon the farm which is now his home and which was the property of his father. After cultivating it for a few years he bought the place, remodeled the house and built a good barn and outbuildings. He also put out fruit and in fact has made the farm a valuable property. In addition to the cultivation of grain and fruit he has also raised and fed stock, keeping about one hundred head of hogs on his place annually and also raising from one to three carloads of cattle each year, feeding all of his grain. In his home he has a telephone line which he

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constructed and which connects with the public phone on the main road, he paying for exchange. His farm in all of its equipments is modern and up-to-date and everything about his place is indicative of his care, supervision and practical methods.

On the 14th of February, 1899, occurred the marriage of Mr. McGinty and Miss Maggie Radigan, who was born in Harrison county, Iowa, but was reared in Neola township, where the wedding was celebrated. They now have two children, John Edward and Anna.

Politically Mr. McGinty is a democrat where national issues are involved but he does not consider himself bound by party ties and frequently casts an independent local ballot. He has never sought or desired office, however preferring to give his undivided attention to his business affairs. He was reared in the Catholic faith and is now a member of the Catholic church. In his business life his success has been gained through unwearied industry guided by sound judgment, and though he had no assistance at the outset of his career he is now the owner of an excellent property in Neola township.

John Rankin, who has departed this life, became a resident of Pottawattamie county in 1873 and was here engaged in general agricultural pursuits to the time of his demise. He was born near Allegheny, Pennsylvania on the 24th of February, 1839, a son of Archibald Rankin, also a native of that state. Upon the home farm he was reared and resided until he had attained middle age, when he removed to Illinois, where he spent a year or two. About 1873 he arrived in Pottawattamie county and secured a farm of three hundred and twenty acres of land in Grove township. He purchased this property of the Osler estate after the cyclone of June 9, 1880, which killed Mr. Osler, his wife and two children. The buildings upon the place having been demolished, Mr. Rankin rebuilt them, set out trees, and otherwise developed the property, adding many modern improvements and conveniences. His entire life was devoted to farming, save for a year or two in which he operated a sawmill in West Virginia. In all of his farm work he was practical, energetic and persevering, and it was these qualities which enabled him to gain a measure of success whereby he was enabled to leave his family in comfortable financial circumstances.

It was on the 12th of February, 1862, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, that John Rankin was united in marriage to Miss Alice Giles, who was born in Blythe, England, May 3, 1836, and came to the United States at the age of seven years with her father. She now resides upon the old homestead with her son but spends more or less time with her other children. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Rankin were born seven children: Archibald, living at Salt Lake. Utah; Jennie, deceased; Laura; John P., who has passed away; William A., who resides on the old homestead; Bruce, of Mills county, Iowa; and Mrs.

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Alice C. Hamilton, of Salt Lake, Utah. The son William, who is now cultivating the old homestead property, is recognized as one of the energetic and enterprising farmers of the community, thoroughly reliable in his business affairs. On the 10th of October, 1894, he was joined in wedlock to Miss Gertrude Pace, who was born in Logan county, Illinois, January 13, 18i6, and was brought to Pottawattamie county when two years of age by her parents, Charles and Hannah (Sides) Pace, who now reside in Carson. Unto Mr. and Mrs. William A. Rankin have been born five children: Glenn, Claude, Gladys, Earl and John. The family are much esteemed in the community, where William A. Rankin is successfully carrying forward the work instituted by his father in the improvement and development of the farm.

John Rankin continued to cultivate this place until his death, being killed by a horse November 9, 1892. He was prominent in Masonic circles, belonging to Carson lodge, and he was also somewhat influential in political affairs as a supporter of the democracy. His fellow townsmen recognizing hi, worth and ability frequently called him to public office and he filled various township positions; including those of justice of the peace and constable. There were no exciting chapters in his life record, for the years were devoted to the practical duties of the work-a-day world, and yet his record is not without valuable lessons concerning good citizenship, trustworthiness in business, and fidelity to all the ties of friendship and of home.

William J. McCune, the efficient secretary of lodge No. 531, B. P. O. E., at Council Bluffs, was born in Solon, Iowa, April 11, 1855, was one of the eleven children of John P. and Electa R. (Sutliff) McCune. His paternal grandfather, William McCune, was a native of Jefferson county, New York, and was the son of William McCune, Sr., who was of Scotch-Irish lineage and became the founder of the family in the new world, emigrating from Scotland to the United States in the eighteenth century. He settled in New York and there spent his remaining days. The father was born in Jefferson county, New York, in 1819, and seeking to better his financial condition by removal to the middle west, he came to Iowa in 1840. He was a farmer by occupation and thus provided for his fami1y. In 1843 he was married in Johnson county, this state, to Miss Electa R. Sutliff, and his death occurred in the year 1885. Unto Mr. and Mrs. McCune were born eleven children, of whom seven yet survive, namely: Harriet E., the wife of Loren Clark; Tully S., Dora M., the wife of Lewis Le Grand; William J., of this review; Belle E., the wife of Mathias Umbdenstock; Helen E., the wife of Hon. O. D. Wheeler; and Nannie M., the wife of Charles D. Maybauer.

William J. McCune was reared on a farm in Johnson county, Iowa, early becoming familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist and there he remained to the age of thirty-two years. He acquired

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his primary education in the country schools and afterward attended the academy at Iowa City, being graduated therefrom in 1871. He next prepared for a business career as a student in a commercial college, from which he was graduated in 1872. His education completed, he returned to the farm. It had been his intention, however, to enter Yale College but trouble with his eyes prevented him from carrying out this plan. For some years his time and energies were devoted to general agricultural pursuits and in 1887 he went to Geneseo, Kansas. The following year he located in Festus, Missouri, where he remained for about three years, and in 1894 he removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he entered upon arrangements to travel for a wholesale grocery house. He was then upon the road for about twelve years, or until 1906, when he retired from that life. He had become a resident of Council Bluffs in 1897, and in 1906 he was made secretary of lodge No. 531. B. P. O. E., in which capacity he has since served.

Mr. McCune was married in 1886, in Manchester, Iowa, to Miss Anna Kent, and they have one son, Ford E., born February 19, 1891. Mr. McCune is quite prominent in Masonic circles and at the time he served as worshipful master of Wayfaring lodge, No. 33, A. F. & A. M., at Solon, Iowa, he Ira, the youngest incumbent in such a position in the United States. He also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is demitted from the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of the Maccabees and the American Yeomen. He is very popular in the order to which he now devotes his time and attention as secretary and he is well qualified for the work by reason of his social qualities as well as his good business capacity.

The perseverance and energy so characteristic of the German race are the dominant factors in the success of Fred Heuwinkel, for, although he came to America empty-handed, he has improved his opportunities in this country and is today the owner of a well improved and valuable farm comprising three hundred and ninety acres; situated on section 18, Keg Creek township, so that he is numbered among the substantial citizens of this part of the county.

Mr. Heuwinkel was born in Lippe, Detmold, Germany, April 20, 1843. a son of Henry and Sophia (Meinold) Heuwinkel, who engaged in agricultural pursuits in the fatherland and there spent their entire lives, the father passing away in 1860, when he had reached the age of seventy-three years, while the mother died in 1883, at the very advanced age of eighty-six years. Their family numbered eleven children, of whom seven still survive, namely: Mrs. Mena Smith, a widow, who still resides in Germany; Mrs. Louisa Weber, a resident of Quincy, Illinois; Mary, who resides in the fatherland; August, a resident of Evansville, Indiana; William and Henry, who have always remained in Germany; and Fred, whose name introduces this review.

Fred Heuwinkel spent the days of his boyhood and youth in the home of his parents and acquired his education in the schools of his native country.

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From the fact that he was the seventh son in his father's family, he was not required to serve in the army, which is the usual custom in that country. He gained a partial knowledge of the carpenter's trade during his residence in his native land and at the age of twenty-three years, having heard favorable reports concerning the opportunities which America afforded, he determined to try his fortune in this country, and accordingly on the 19th of October, 1867, took passage on a sailing vessel bound for the new world. Upon reaching American shores he at once made his way to Quincy, Illinois, where lived a sister, and he there spent a couple of months, subsequent to which time he made his way to Evansville, Indiana, where for a year and half he worked at his trade of carpentering. In1869 he continued his journey into Iowa, settling at Council Bluffs, where for two years he worked as a farm hand. Two years later, in 1871, having saved his earnings, he invested his capital in forty acres of land, this tract comprising a portion of his present homestead property. As the years have come and gone and he has prospered in his undertakings he has added to his original holdings until he is today in possession of a valuable and well improved farm property comprising three hundred and ninety acres. He is here engaged in general agricultural pursuits and each year gathers rich crops as a reward for the care and labor which he bestows upon his fields. His business methods, too, are reliable and he has thereby won the confidence and respect of all with whom he has dealings.

On the 19th of April, 1871, Mr. Heuwinkel was united in marriage to Miss Mena Wittland, who was born in Moniteau county, Missouri, April 11, 1853, a daughter of Frederick and Louisa (Frantrup) Wittland, who were natives of Germany but emigrated to America in the year 1848, at which time they located in Moniteau county, Missouri, where the father purchased land, on which he made his home for some time. In 1861 he disposed of his land in that state and took up his abode in Lewis township, Pottawattamie county, Iowa, and in 1870 came to Keg Creek township, settling on a farm on section. 18. There the parents spent their remaining days, the father passing away in 1889, when he had reached the age of seventy-five years, while the mother passed away in 1893, at the age of seventy-four. Of the nine children born of this marriage, seven still survive, as follows: Gottlieb, who resides in Council Bluffs; Mrs. Louisa Basch, of Keg Creek township; Mrs. Annie Meyer, also of that township; Mena, now Mrs. Heuwinkel; Mrs. Carrie Meyer, a widow, who makes her home in Woodbury county, this state; Mrs. Ricka Fisher, a widow, residing in Lewis township, Pottawattamie county; and Herman, a resident of Keg Creek township.

The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Heuwinkel has been blessed with ten children, of whom two are deceased, Sophia and Martha. Those living are: Henry, who wedded Ida Funke and makes his home in Keg Creek township; Mary, at home; Louisa, the wife of William Burkhalter, also of Keg Creek township; John, Fred, Lydia, August and Lena, all still under the parental roof.

Mr. Heuwinkel has always given stalwart support to the republican party and is a public-spirited citizen, who has been called by his fellow townsmen to fill some local offices. He has served as trustee of the township for the past

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fifteen years and is the present incumbent in that office, while at various periods he has filled the office of road supervisor, justice of the peace and assessor. Interested in education, he has also filled some school offices. He and his family are members of the German Evangelical church. Mr. Heuwinkel has resided in Keg Creek township for thirty-six years and during that time has won a host of warm friends, all of whom speak of him in terms of highest praise and commendation, for he is a gentleman of high principle and manly conduct.

Charles H. Ayer, a farmer and stock-raiser of Macedonia township, resides on section 24, where he owns and cultivates one hundred and twenty acres of good land. The improvements here were made by him and the fine appearance of the farm indicates the spirit of enterprise and progress which dominates him in all that he does. He came to this county from Mills county, Iowa, in the spring of 1891 and his entire life has been passed in the middle west, his birth having occurred in Henderson county, Illinois, on the 16th of December, 1867. His parents were J. H. and Elizabeth E. (Debolt) Ayer, who in the fall of 1870 removed from Illinois to Mills county, Iowa. There the father purchased land and made his home until a recent date. He was a native of Rhode Island and resided in Canada, Minnesota and other points. He has always followed farming as a life work and upon his removal from Mills county he took up his abode near McCook, Nebraska, where he owns and cultivates a farm. He is now sixty-one years of age and yet gives active supervision to his agricultural interests. His wife died in Mills county, Iowa, in January, 1905, at the age of sixty-four years. In their family were three children, the sister of our subject being Mrs. Samuel J. Roush of Nuckolls county, Nebraska, while the brother is John R, still living in Mills county.

Charles H. Ayer was three years of age when the family came from Illinois to Iowa and therefore was reared in Mills county. He acquired his education largely in the public schools and also spent three winters as a student at Carson. He began life for himself when twenty-one years of age and has since been dependent upon his own resources, so that whatever success he has achieved or enjoyed is attributable to his own labors. As a companion and helpmate for life's journey he chose Miss Mary Belle Boicourt, whom he wedded in Pottawattamie county when twenty-three years of age. Mrs. Ayer was born in Mahaska county, Iowa, and on the 1st of January, 1881, her parents removed to this county with their family, settling in Silver Creek township, where her father, Elihu Boicourt, still resides. The mother died when Mrs. Ayer was but nine years of age, passing away in 1882. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Ayer has been blessed with a son and daughter: Charles Mervin, born August 1, 1893; and Mabel Minnie, born February 2, 1896.

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In his political views Mr. Ayer has always been a republican and has taken an active interest in the work of the party, doing all in his power to promote its growth and insure its success. Socially he is connected with the Masons of Macedonia and his religious views are indicated by his attendance at the services of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is interested in every measure and movement for the general good and gives to many his active co-operation. At the same time he never neglects his business affairs but on the contrary carefully manages his agricultural interests and has developed an excellent property, having one of the good farms of Macedonia township.

Hon. Joseph Lyman, who for many years was a distinguished member of the bar of western Iowa and left the impress of his individuality upon the judicial history of the state, was born at Lyon, Oakland county, Michigan, September 13, 1840. The following year his parents removed with their family to Defiance county, Ohio, and, passing through successive grades in the public schools, Joseph Lyman was eventually graduated from the high school of Defiance with the class of 1856. Although he was then but fifteen years of age he taught school through the following winter, having in the meantime passed the sixteenth milestone on life's journey. About this time he received an appointment to a scholarship at West Point but on account of hi, father's wish that he should study law he declined the offer and removed with his parents to Big Grove, Pottawattamie county, Iowa, in the spring of 1857. Becoming one of the early educators of this portion of the state, he taught school at Stutsman Mills, now Macedonia, in the winter of 1857-8 and afterward attended school at Grinnell, Iowa, in 1859, 1860 and a part of 1861.

During the periods of vacation he engaged in teaching until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when in the fall of 1861 he offered his services to the government, enlisting as a member of Company E, Fourth Iowa Cavalry. He was at that time employed in teaching at the north end of Big Grove in Center township but put aside the duties of the schoolroom in order to espouse the Union cause and served with the Fourth 9avalry until the summer of 1862, when he was appointed adjutant of the Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, with which he continued until August, 1865. About a year prior to his return from the army he was promoted to the rank of major and he served as acting adjutant general on the staff of Brigadier General Rice and Major General Steele for several months. .

With the close of the military chapter in his life history he took up the study of law in the office of Judge C. C. Cole, of Des Moines, and after thorough and comprehensive preliminary reading he was admitted to the bar. Locating for practice in Council Bluffs, he became connected with much important litigation tried in the courts of his district, ever presenting his cause with clearness and cogency, his deductions being logical, his reasoning sound

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and convincing. He continued in active practice until appointed to the office of judge to fill out the unexpired term of Judge Loofborough, resigned, and in the fall of 1884 he was nominated for district judge. Later he received his party's nomination for congress and after serving for one term was reelected in 1886. He proved a capable member of the law-making body of the commonwealth, giving to each question which came up for settlement his careful consideration, followed either by loyal support or strong opposition, as he believed the weal of the state demanded. On his retirement from the general assembly he resumed the practice of law at Council Bluffs and continued an active and prominent member of the bar until his death, which occurred in July, 1890.

Soon after coming to Council Bluffs Major Lyman was married to Miss Josephine Smith, who died about a year later. In 1885 he was united in marriage to Miss Rachel Shaw, of Olney, Illinois, and unto this marriage was born one son, Aaron Lyman, who is now a practicing attorney of Boston, Massachusetts.

Bernhard Eichenbenberger, well known as a farmer, stock-raiser and dairyman, lives on section 1, York township, where he owns a neat, well improved farm of one hundred and twenty acres. He came to the county during a comparatively early period in its development and settlement, arriving here in 1876. A native of Switzerland, he was born September 6, 1842, and was there reared and educated. In early life he worked in a factory.

When he determined to seek a home in another land there could be but one place that would satisfy a representative of the liberty-loving Swiss people. Born and reared in the oldest republic on the face of the globe, when he changed his location it was to become a resident of the greatest republic. In 1865 he took passage on a vessel sailing from Havre on the 13th of April, the day before Lincoln was assassinated. In course of time the voyage was completed and he landed at New York, whence he made his way westward to La. Salle county, Illinois. There he worked on a farm for eleven years, on the expiration of which period he came to Pottawattamie county in 1876. Four months prior to this time he had visited Iowa and had purchased a tract of raw land here, for he believed the county had good possibilities and that it would prove advantageous to him to change his location. Taking up his permanent abode here, he at once began the task of breaking the sod and cultivating his fields, and in due course of time the land was brought under a high state of cultivation. He at first erected a little dwelling, in which he lived for fifteen years, when this home was replaced by the large, two-story residence which now adorns the farm. He has added many other substantial and modern improvements, including two good barns, granaries and sheds. He has planted an orchard, set out a grove of trees, and has continued the work of developing his place along modern progressive lines until the farm is now one

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of the attractive features of the landscape. He uses good machinery in facilitating the work of the fields and annually gathers rich crops of the various cereals best adapted to soil and c1imate.

On the 30th of May, 1876, in James township, this county, Mr. Eichenberger was married to Miss Louisa Vieth, a native of Germany, who was reared, however, in Pottawattamie county. They now have six children: Elnora, the wife of Walter Busse, a farmer of James township; Tusanelda, the wife of Francis Haas, of Corning, Iowa; Emma, the wife of Jesse Busse, of James township; Eda, at home; Alpha, who is a teacher in this county; and Gretchen, who completes the family.

Mr. Eichenberger and his wife are members of the Evangelical Association, in the work of which they are much interested, Mr. Eichenberger serving as one of the church trustees. Politically he has been a stalwart republican since casting his first presidential ballot for Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876, his Inst vote supporting the present popular chief executive, Theodore Roosevelt. He is now serving as president of the school board and has long been actively identified with educational interests, believing the public-school system to be one of the strongest bulwarks of our national prosperity. He has also served as assessor for several terms and as township treasurer, the duties of these various offices being discharged with promptness and fidelity. He has been chosen as delegate to county conventions and his opinions carry weight in the local ranks of the party. In community affairs he takes an active and helpful interest, giving loyal support to all those measures which he deems of benefit to the community in promoting its material, social, intellectual and moral progress. He came to the county at a time when there were comparatively few residents outside of the cities and when Council Bluffs was but a comparatively small place. Few roads had been laid out and the land was largely unimproved, but the rapid settlement of the county has brought a wonderful transformation here, Mr. Eichenberger bearing his full share in the work of general improvement and development.

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