Mr. Hacks was married, in 1864, to Miss Martha Wilkinson, a native of Carroll County. Va., and a daughter of James and Mary (Lyon) Wilkinson, natives of Virginia. Her father was born in the same county as herself, and his father, Thomas Wilkinson, is supposed to have been a native of Virginia, and to have passed his entire life there. Mrs. Hanks' father was reared and married in his native county, and resided there until 1857, when he moved to Lafayette County, Mo., bought a tract of land there, and has made it his place of residence ever since. His wife died in the old home in Virginia in 1847.
   In their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Hanks have been blessed by the birth of eight children, as follows: Mary S. is the wife of Charles Bickle and they live in Omaha; Lee, Currenner, Huston; Stella died in 1877: Gilbert; Cannoy, Jr., died in 1880, and Lola.
   Mr. and Mrs. Hanks are devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and they are foremost in elevating the religious, moral and social status of the community. Mr. Hanks is a man of strong character, possessing superior judgment and foresight, and he is, moreover, one in whom his fellow citizens place absolute confidence. In politics he is and always has been a strong supporter of the principles of the Democratic party.

ULIUS NORMAND. The subject of this biography occupies a leading position among the extensive landowners of Rock Creek Precinct, being the proprietor of 1,400 broad acres, lying on sections 5, 7 and 8. the homestead being off section 7. Mr. Normand came to the Territory of Nebraska on the 1st of May, 1858. and secured first 160 acres by pre-emption. His present surroundings and the extent of his possessions indicate the perseverance and industry with which he has labored.
   There are comparatively few pioneers who have been so noticeably fortunate in their labors amid the difficulties of a new settlement as Julius Normand. Nature endowed him with those qualities most necessary to success, and a praiseworthy career. Not only has he been diligent and economical, prompt to meet his obligations, conscientious as a man and a citizen, but in building up one of the most valuable estates in Southern Nebraska has thus been no unimportant factor in the development of its resources. This has not only been in advantage to himself, but has resulted in attracting to this county an intelligent and enterprising class of people, who would not do otherwise than settle in a community promising something for the future, morally, socially and financially.
   Mr. Normand prior to his arrival in Nebraska had been a resident of Scott County, Iowa, for a period of three years, having removed there from Blair County, Pa. In the latter he was born Feb. 14, 1830, his early home being in the vicinity of the city of Pittsburgh. The Normand family is of French ancestry. The parents of our subject, James and Catherine Normand, were natives respectively of France and Germany, and spent their last years in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Their family consisted of seven children. Our subject was reared and educated in his native city, where he attained his majority and married Miss Margaret Kylor.
   Mrs. Normand was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., Jan. 22, 1833, and is the daughter of George and Mary (Carcon) Kylor, who were also natives of the Keystone State, where they spent their entire lives. The mother died when her daughter Margaret was a little child five years of age, and the latter as soon as old enough began earning her own living. She thus acquired those habits of industry and self-reliance which have enabled her to be a most worthy and efficient helpmate of her husband, by whose side she has labored early and late, working equally with him in securing their valuable property. Of their union there have been born ten children, three of whom died in infancy. Of the survivors the record is as follows: James married Miss Mary Hawn, and is occupied as a butcher in Ft. Byron, Ill.; Augustus wedded Miss Hattie Wilcox, of this State, and lives on a farm in Saline County; Catherine Josephine is the wife of H. A. Crandall, who is engaged in farming near Unadilla, this county; Belle, Mrs. George Barth, lives on a farm in McWilliams Precinct; Julia is the wife of Nelson Tary, and they live on a farm in Johnson

County; Julius and Levi remain at home with their parents.
   Mr. Normand cast his first Presidential vote for Franklin Pierce, and is a stanch supporter of Democratic principles. He presents the picture of a man firm in the support of his convictions, and one who is not easily moved after he has once made up his mind. This characteristic has been noticeable all through his career, and has doubtless been the secret of his phenomenal success. His has been a record which his children may look upon with pride. and in the establishment of his homestead and the estate he has built up for himself a lasting monument. Of this latter we are pleased in being able to give an extended view, and also the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Normand. Otoe County may point to them with pride as being among her best citizens, representing her best interests, and being identified with her wealth and progress.

NTHONY A. JAMES. The name of this gentleman. who departed this life at his home in Wyoming Precinct, May 10, 1870, is held in kindly remembrance by a large circle of friends and acquaintances as that of an honest man and a good citizen. As a farmer he was thorough and skillful, and as a member of the community contributed his full quota toward advancing its general interest.
   Mr. James was a native of County Donegal, in the North of Ireland, and was born in December, 1830. His father, William James, a farmer by occupation, was also of Irish birth and ancestry, and died in middle life in County Donegal. Anthony at the time of his father's decease was a lad of thirteen years, and a few years later accompanied his mother and the younger members of the family to America, joining some of the elder ones in Butler County, Pa. There they engaged in farming, but a year later changed their residence to Mercer County, Pa., where our subject was reared to manhood. He received a common-school education, and when ready to establish a home of his own was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Burrows, a native of his own country. They lived for a year in the Keystone State, then concluded to try their fortunes in the regions beyond the Mississippi.
   Our subject arrived in this county in the spring of 1860, and purchased 200 acres of land on section 16, in Wyoming Precinct, in the improvement and cultivation of which he was engaged until resting from his earthly labors. He was prospered in his labors as a tiller of the soil, but for some time before his decease suffered from a wound which he had received while serving as a cavalry soldier in the White Rock Hills, Dak. Soon after the outbreak of the Civil War he had enlisted in Company F, 2d Nebraska Cavalry, the regiment being chiefly employed on the frontier. In this, as in all other duties in life, Mr. James fulfilled each duty conscientiously, being always at his post when needed, and upon two occasions received quite serious gunshot wounds. He participated in considerable hard fighting, and was always spoken of as a brave and faithful soldier, who received the approval of his superior officers and the respect of his comrades.
   To Mr. and Mrs. James there were born six children, two of whom, Sarah B. and John N., died at the ages of seventeen months and seven weeks respectively. Besides these two infants died unnamed. William G., the eldest son living, married Miss Clara A. Swan, who was born in Liberty Precinct, Cass County, June 1, 1865, and is a very intelligent lady, with an excellent education; the younger son is named Robert, and both are very intelligent and enterprising, carrying on the homestead in a manner similar to that with which it has always been conducted, and doing honor to their training. The boys are stanch Republicans, politically, as was their honored father.
   Mrs. Eliza (Burrows) James was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, Dec. 29, 1830, and is the daughter of George and Mary (Burrows) Burrows, who were of Scotch ancestry, the latter having been among those who fled from Scotland to the North of Ireland on account of religious persecution. The parents of Mrs. James were also natives of County Tyrone, and Protestants in religion. After marriage George Burrows and his wife settled upon a little farm in their native county, where were born a son and daughter. In the spring of 1834, leaving their eldest child, Eliza, with her maternal grand-